The Crusades

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The Crusades

• Mr. Ermer
• World History
• Miami Beach Senior High

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Call To Holy War

• Emperor Alexius I of Byzantium asks the pope for
  help against the Seljuk Turks (Muslims)
• Pope Urban II responds, calling for European,
  Christian warriors to liberate Jerusalem from the
  infidels, this fight was called the Crusades
• Western Europeans, mostly French, answer call
• Causes for fighting religion, trade, land,
  title, money and adventure

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War for Gold, God Glory
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The Early Crusades

• Mostly French army of over 10,000 capture Antioch
  (1098) and Jerusalem (1099)
• European victories marked by brutal massacres of
  the cities inhabitants (Jewish, Christian and
  Muslim)
• Four Crusader states established in Holy Land
• Italian ports grow rich from trade with Crusaders
• Muslims begin taking back land, Bernard of
  Clairvaux calls for 2nd Crusade (failure)
• Saladin retakes Jerusalem in 1187
• 3rd Crusade included Richard I of England, Philip
  II of France and Frederick Barbarossa
• Frederick drowns, Philip goes home, leaving
  Richard to negotiate with Saladin allowing
  Christian pilgrims free access to Jerusalem

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The Later Crusades

• Saladin dies in 1193, Pope Innocent III calls for
  Fourth Crusade in 1196
• On way to holy land, Crusades stops in
  Constantinople, crusaders sack the city in 1204
• Byzantine army recaptures city in 1261, empire is
  weak, remains that way until 1453 (Ottoman conq.)
• 1212 Childrens Crusade
• Future Crusades also failures

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Crusaders Enter Constantinople
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Effects of the Crusades

• Italy grows rich though trade with Crusaders
• Genoa, Pisa and Venice
• Jews also targeted across Europe as infidels
• Noblemen sell their land and free serfs before
  leaving to fight, as lords lose power, kings take
  more power creating centralized states
• Increased trade with the East provides more money
  for kings
• 1400 Portugal, Spain, England France emerge as
  strong, centralized kingdomsflourish

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Chapter 6, Lesson 2 Review

• On page 116, write and answer questions 1-5