The French Revolution

1
The French Revolution
2
Absolutism

• Absolute monarchs didnt share power with a
  counsel or parliament
• Divine Right of Kings

King James I of England
3
The Seigneurial System

• Feudal method of land ownership and organization
• Peasant labor

Receiving a seigneurial grant
4
Louis XIV

• Ruled from 16431715
• Reduced the power of the nobility
• Fought four wars
• Greatly increased Frances national debt

5
The Seven Years War
Louis XV
French and English troops fight at the battle of
Fort St. Philip on the island of Minorca

• Louis XV
• War fought in Europe, India, North America
• France ends up losing some of its colonial
  possessions
• Increases French national debt

6
The Three Estates

• First Estate clergy
• Second Estate nobility
• Third Estate the rest of society
• The Estates General

Cartoon depicting the three Estates
7
(No Transcript)
8
The Third Estate

• Taxation
• Crop failures

9
The Enlightenment

• New ideas about society and government
• The social contract

Jean-Jacques Rousseau
John Locke
10
The American Revolution

• France supported the colonists against Great
  Britain
• Revolutionary ideals

Marquis de Lafayette
11
Financial Crisis

• Jacques Necker
• Tax on property
• Calling of the Estates General

Finance Minister Jacques Necker
12
Bell Ringer!!!

• Take out your homework answer sheet from last
  night and pass it forward.
• Make sure you took the handout from the pick up
  shelf.

13
Analyze the Image Below

1. What stands out to you?
2. Find 3 items that signify wealth
3. Why would peasants resent this image?

14
Name the 5 Causes

• L
• E
• E
• M
• A

• Louis XVI weak
• Estate System
• Enlightenment
• Money Problems
• American Revolution

15
Bell Ringer!!!

• You have 10 minutes to make last minute changes
  to your Declarations
• If you are finished, begin the orange
  flashcard. Write SMALL!
• If you finish this, begin the Revolution Begins
  Handout.

16
The Estates General

• One vote per estate
• Clergy and nobility usually joined together to
  outvote the Third Estate
• Met in Versailles in May 1789
• Voting controversy

A meeting of the Estates General
17
The National Assembly

• The Third Estate took action and established its
  own government
• On June 17, 1789, the National Assembly was formed

18
(No Transcript)
19
Confrontation With the King

• Louis XVI ordered the Third Estate locked out of
  the National Assemblys meeting hall
• The Tennis Court Oath
• The king reverses his position

Artist Jacques Louis Davids depiction of the
Tennis Court Oath
20
Storming of the Bastille

• Rioting in Paris in early July
• Firing of Necker
• July 14th a mob storms and takes the Bastille

21
The Great Fear

• Rebellion spreads
• Peasants destroy the countryside
• End of feudal privileges

22
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

• Adopted by National Assembly on August 27th
• Enlightenment ideals
• Outlined basic freedoms held by all
• Asserted the sovereignty of the people
• Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

23
Analysis Activity

• Using a highlighter and your brain, read and
  analyze the Declaration of the Rights of Man and
  Citizen.
• Highlight any areas that match with an
  Enlightenment idea
• Write the enlightenment thinker next to the
  highlighted area in parentheses

24
Partner Declarations

• You are going to create your own Declaration of
  the Rights of Students
• Select 6-10 things that you think need to change
  at the school, or in your class rooms, hallways,
  etc
• Be creative and make it look good

25
Bell Ringer!!!

• Take out your French Revolution Foldable
• Turn it in to the black file cabinet.

26
Whats the Order???

• The National Assembly is created.
• Louis and Marie Antoinette are terrible leaders
  for France.
• Peasants raid the Bastille prison and then riot
  in to the country side.
• The Estates General Meeting is called.
• Because of wide spread panic of the Nobles, a
  time period known as the Great Fear is
  established.

27
The March of Women

• Lower classes still unsatisfied
• Thousands of starving women and peasants march on
  Versailles
• Louis forced to return to Paris

28
Flight of the King

• Émigrés
• Louis XVI and his family attempted to flee France
• They were arrested at Varennes

The capture of Louis XVI at Varennes
29
Reaction from Other Countries

• Declaration of Pillnitz
• Demand Louis be put back on the throne
• Possible foreign intervention

Illustration depicting Prussian King Frederick
William III, Austrian Emperor Leopold II, and
the Comte dArtois, Louis XVIs brother
30
War With Austria

• France declares war
• War of the First Coalition

Painting of the Battle of Valmy, 1792
31
The Radicals Take Over

• Paris mob stormed Tuileries
• Louis and family seek aid of Legislative Assembly
• Arrested and deposed

Paris crowds storm the Tuileries
32
Robespierre

• Lawyer
• Radical Jacobin
• Most controversial figure of the French Revolution

33
The Guillotine

• Dr. Joseph Guillotin
• Intended as a more humane method of execution
• Thousands guillotined during the French Revolution

34
Execution of the King

• On January 17, 1793, Louis XVI was convicted of
  treason
• He went to the guillotine four days later on
  January 21, 1793

35
The Committee of Public Safety

• Created to cease an internal rebellion in 1793
• Given dictatorial power
• Ruled France for nearly a year

A citizen petitions the Committee of Public Safety
36
The Reign of Terror

• July 1793July 1794
• Executions
• Death of Robespierre

The execution of Marie Antoinette
37
Napoleon Bonaparte

• Popularity rises after victories over the
  Austrians
• Conflict with Britain
• 1799 Coup detat
• The Consulate

38
Napoleon Becomes Emperor

• 1804 Napoleon crowns himself emperor

39
Legacies of the French Revolution

• End of absolutism
• Power of nobles ended
• Peasants became landowners
• Nationalism
• Enlightenment ideals