Title: Getting to California
1Getting to California
Ch 27 Sec 1 The Nixon Agenda
____________ - those Americans who were not
protesting in the streets or complaining about
the government, and Nixon felt that their voices
were not being heard. ____________ - increasing
the power of state and local governments by
providing direct federal money to them.
____________ - Nixons National Security Advisor
who suggested America to take a friendlier
approach to the Soviet Union and China in order
to end the Vietnam War. ____________ - peaceful
coexistence a relaxation of tensions between the
United States and communist nations ____________
- Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty between the
United States and Soviet Union that actually
limited the number of nuclear weapons
produced ____________ - Nixon and Kissingers
strategy of playing the paranoia of the Soviet
Union and China against one another to get a
better deal with each nation wanting to be
recognized as the leader of communism
2Intro 2
Textbook Assignment (pp.832-837)
Section 1 The Nixon Agenda
- What groups did President Nixon and Attorney
General John Mitchell want to establish law and
order with? - How did Nixons policy of détente differ from the
policies of previous Cold War presidents? - What did Nixon hope to achieve with his trip to
China? - Who did the United States make the SALT I
agreement with and what was its significance?
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3Intro 2
Chapter Objectives
Section 1 The Nixon Agenda
- Describe Nixons domestic agenda.
- Discuss Nixons foreign policy achievements.
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4Section 1-1
Guide to Reading
Main Idea
President Nixon sought to restore law and order
and traditional values at home and to ease Cold
War tensions abroad.
Key Terms and Names
- Henry Kissinger
- détente
- summit
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5Section 1-4
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again.
6Time Notebook 6
Publicly, we say one thing.Actually, we do
another. - Richard Nixon
7Section 1-5
Appealing to Middle America
- Although many people were on the streets
protesting, Nixon was convinced many Americans
voices were not being heard.
- The 1968 Republican presidential candidate,
Richard Nixon, appealed to the people whom he
called Silent Majority - He promised them peace in Vietnam, law and order,
a streamlined government, and a return to
conservative values.
(pages 832835)
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8Section 1-6
Appealing to Middle America (cont.)
- The Democratic nominee, Hubert Humphrey, and a
third party-candidate, George Wallace, could not
stop Nixon.
- He won, receiving 43.4 percent of the popular
vote.
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9Section 1-7
Appealing to Middle America (cont.)
- Much of Nixons success in the election came from
the South.
- Nixon had promised to appoint conservatives to
the federal courts, to name a Southerner to the
Supreme Court, to oppose court-ordered busing,
and to choose a vice president acceptable to the
South. - As a result, a large number of white Southerners
left the Democratic Party and voted for Nixon.
(pages 832835)
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10Section 1-8
Appealing to Middle America (cont.)
- After his election victory, Nixon began the
Southern strategy to win even more Southerners to
the Republican Party.
- He took steps to slow desegregation.
(pages 832835)
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11Section 1-8
Appealing to Middle America (cont.)
- To keep his promise of law and order, Nixon set
out to battle American crime. Nixon criticized
the Supreme Court regarding expanded rights for
accused criminals. - When Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren retired
Nixon appointed Warren Burger as Chief Justice. - He appointed several conservative judges to the
Supreme Court, including one from the South.
(pages 832835)
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12Section 1-9
Appealing to Middle America (cont.)
- Nixons Republican leaders dismantled several
federal programs and gave more control to state
and local governments.
- Under Nixons New Federalism program, Congress
passed a series of revenue-sharing bills that
provided federal funds to state and local
agencies. - Intended to give state and local agencies
increased power, it actually led to a greater
dependency on federal funds.
(pages 832835)
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13Section 1-10
Appealing to Middle America (cont.)
- In 1969 Nixon proposed replacing the existing Aid
to Families with Dependant Children (AFDC)
welfare program with the Family Assistance Plan.
- The plan would give needy families a guaranteed
yearly grant of 1,600 (equal to 8,000 today). - The program won House approval but was later
defeated in the Senate.
(pages 832835)
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14Section 1-12
Nixons Foreign Policy
- President Nixons administration focused mainly
on the subject of foreign affairs.
- Nixon chose former Harvard professor Henry
Kissinger as his national security adviser. - Nixon and Kissinger put their foreign policy in
place and attempted friendlier relations with the
Soviet Union and China.
(pages 835837)
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15FYI 1-1
Henry Kissinger and his family fled Nazi Germany
in 1938. He studied at Harvard and later became a
professor there. In 1973 he shared the Nobel
Peace Prize with North Vietnamese leader Le Duc
Tho.
16F/F/F 1-Fact
Ping-Pong Diplomacy In April 1971, nearly a year
before President Nixon made his historic trip
there, Communist China welcomed a different kind
of U.S. delegationthe American ping-pong team.
When the team received their surprise invitation,
Time magazine called it the ping-pong heard
round the world. The nine players, four
officials, and two spouses who arrived on the
Chinese mainland were the first Americans to
enter China since the Communist takeover in
1949.In another example of the continuing
efforts to normalize relations with China,
Ling-Ling and Hsing-Hsing arrived at the National
Zoo in 1972. A gift from China, the rare giant
pandas attracted visitors and volunteers. In
addition, the pair provided a wealth of
scientific knowledge about the endangered panda.
Following the deaths of Ling-Ling and
Hsing-Hsing in 1992 and 1999, the National Zoo
made arrangements to borrow two new pandas from
China. Tian-Tian and Mei Xiang arrived in
December 2000.
17Section 1-13
Nixons Foreign Policy (cont.)
- Nixon was anti-Communist but came to reject the
idea of a bipolar world with the United States
and the Soviet Union confronting each other.
- Nixon felt the multipolar world would need a
different approach. - With the help of Kissinger, Nixon created the
approach of détente, or relaxation of tensions
between the United States and its two major
Communist rivalsthe Soviet Union and China.
(pages 835837)
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18Section 1-22
Analyzing Visuals
Analyzing Political Cartoons Study the cartoon
to the right. What is the artists message about
the impact of the arms buildup on the average
citizen in both the Soviet Union and the United
States?
The arms race burdened citizens.
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19Section 1-14
Nixons Foreign Policy (cont.)
- Nixon argued that the United States had to build
a better relationship with its rivals to ensure
world peace.
- To ease tensions with China, Nixon lifted trade
and travel restrictions and withdrew the Seventh
Fleet from defending Taiwan.
(pages 835837)
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20Section 1-14
Nixons Foreign Policy (cont.)
- In February 1972, Nixon took a historic trip to
China, where both leaders agreed to better
relations between the nations.
(pages 835837)
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21Section 1-15
Nixons Foreign Policy (cont.)
- After learning of the negotiations between the
United States and China, the Soviet Union
suggested an American-Soviet summit, or
high-level diplomatic meeting, in May 1972.
- Nixon became the first president since World War
II to visit the Soviet Union.
(pages 835837)
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22Section 1-16
Nixons Foreign Policy (cont.)
- During the summit, the countries signed the first
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) to
limit nuclear arms. - The countries agreed to increase trade and the
exchange of scientific information.
(pages 835837)
23End of Section 1