Ruminant Restraint Chapter 2

1
Ruminant Restraint Chapter 2
"I think using animals for food is an ethical thing to do, but we've got to do it right. We've got to give those animals a decent life and we've got to give them a painless death. We owe the animal respect."
Temple Grandin

• Dr. Dipa Brahmbhatt VMD, MPH, MS

2
Objectives

• Understand potential risks that exist with the
  practice of large animal veterinary medicine.
• KNOW quick release knot.
• Understand the basic natural instincts of each
  large animal species.
• Understand the importance of protecting
  themselves, veterinary personnel, and clients
  while handling patients.
• Be familiar with common methods of large animal
  restraint and be able to apply them safely,
  efficiently, and effectively.

3
Safety

• One of the most dangerous occupations
• Death rate 21 workers per 100,000
• 110,000 disabling accidents per year
• Reasons
• Human error
• Being tired
• Not paying attention
• Using poor judgment

4
Dangers

• Livestock
• Chemical safety
• Environmental safety
• Animal disease
• Preventing zoonosis
• Cleanliness
• Vaccinations
• Quarantine sick animals
• Avoid exposure
• Gain handling
• Building problems
• Fire safety

5
Biosecurity

• Wash hands and boots
• Clean cloths
• Control insects, rodents, and birds
• Control mold
• Limit contact with other animals
• Limit vehicle traffic
• Wear rubber gloves when dealing with sick animals
• Wear shoe coverings to prevent transmission
• Wear protective eye covering
• Wear a mask when concerned with aerosols

6
(No Transcript)
7
Beef Cattle Cow/Calf ProducersNE,TX, KS

• Before the feedlot, spend most of their time in
  open range or field settings.
• Handled and restrained only occasionally
  vaccination and deworming.
• Suspicious of humans and enclosures (pens and
  chutes), and are usually more difficult to
  segregate and restrain.
• Caution Beef bulls and cows with calves

8
Dairy cattle

• Temperament
• nervous cow
• the docile cow
• the balker (obstinate)
• the chronic kicker
• Dairy bulls should never by trusted
• Cows with calves

• Facility
• dark barns are apt to be nervous.
• Better in a well lighted, well ventilated one
• sedative or anesthetic

9
Dairy Cattle

• Dairy cattle are handled more frequently and
  spend much less time in open settings.
• Dairy cows are milked twice daily while
  lactating, and the lactation cycle lasts on
  average 8-10 months of the year.
• Breeding is done by artificial insemination.
• Calves are often reared in enclosures with
  frequent human contact.
• In generaL, dairy cattle tend to be much easier
  to handle and restrain. (Caution on dairy bulls
  and mums)

10
Cattle Restraint

• Stress
• Loss of production results in lower profits.
• Increased feed requirements result in increased
  cost.
• Decreased immunity results in increased illness.
• Death results in lower profits.

11
Cattle Restraint (contd)

• Stress
• Increased respiration
• High mortality
• Teeth grinding
• Poor product quality
• Nervousness
• Poor growth rate
• Poor reproduction
• Increased flight zone

12
Most veterinarian procedures required two stages
of animal handling

1. The individual most be separate from the herd
   (herding instinct)
2. The individual must then be restrained
   appropriately for the procedure

13
Restraint

• Chemical and physical restraint
• Prepare
• Be familiar with your equipment

• Protect the animal
• Protect yourself
• Protect your coworkers

Liability The veterinarian is responsible
14
(No Transcript)
15

• Drive animals to pen/corral
• /tub
• Tub to alleyway to working chute

16
Moving and Herding Cattle

• CALM
• Should not move faster
• than a walk
• SHOULDER
• Aka point of balance
• Behind gt forward
• Front gt backwards
• Ask the farmer ?
• Cattle move toward light
• STRESS gt DISEASE AND LOW PERFORMANCE

17
Cattle Restraint (contd)

• Tailing
• The middle of the tail is grasped and twisted
  forward to one side or the other, over the back,
  and off of midline.
• Too much pressure can break the tail.
• Do not stand directly behind them.

18
Backstops
Spring loaded panels pushed forward as animal
moves through than popped back in place
19
(No Transcript)
20
Cattle Restraint (contd)
Chutes Head gate Tail gate Squeeze
21
(No Transcript)
22
Chute Restraint

• The working chute is designed to hold one animal
  at the time
• Silencer chute

23
Chute Restraint
Self closing head catch or manually
24
Posting
Use both hands
25

• Fully restrain head before working with animal
• Head first squeeze later

26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
Nose lead
29
(No Transcript)
30
Challenges

• Cow is down
• Occlude trachea or blood flow to the cranium
• Handle calmly
• Only 1 hand inside chute

31

• Head restraint may be applied to cooperative
  animals, without use of a chute, but most
  individuals must be placed in a chute first.
• "the part that draws goes under the jaws.
• Not for beef

32
Cattle Restraint (contd)

• Halters

33

• Cattle halters are used to control the head by
  tying or securing the head to an immovable object
  with a rope attached to the halter
• Watch trachea and eye

QUICK RELEASE
34
Restraints that divert attention

• Tail restraint
• Nose lead/ nose tongs
• IV injection
• Udder surgery
• Examine hoof
• Restraint of the head

35
(No Transcript)
36
Nose leads

• They apply blunt, pinching pressure to the nasal
  septum.
• Supplement with halter and/or with head restraint
• Nasal septum may be torn with violent movement

37
(No Transcript)
38

• Dont use in calves
• If tie knot quick release and monitor carefully

39
Nose rings

• Placed through the nasal septum and are often
  used in bulls
• Should not be used to tie the head for head
  restraint
• Only for additional control of the head but
  nasal septum can be torn

40
Tail Restraint

• Cattle tail not as strong as horse
• Dont include vertebrae

TAIL JACK
41
Leg Restraint

• Over common
• Calcaneal tendon, just above the hocks
• Hobbels/ Hoppels No Kicking

• Flank rope No Kicking

42
Leg Restraint
43
Leg Restraint Front Leg Hoppel
PE or treatment
A rope with an eye in one end is used to form a
loop around the pastern. The other end of the
rope passes over the withers where is should be
held by an assistant so that it can be released
quickly if the cow starts to go down.
ASSISTANT
44
(No Transcript)
45
(No Transcript)
46
Beam and Hook - HL
Other method
47
If more than 30 min. NPO
48
Casting Rope Squeeze

• Casting is a method of forcing an animal to the
  ground, usually with ropes
• Prefer R lateral recumbency discourages bloat
• Casting - calving

49
Casting Burley Method

• Advantages
• Less time
• No respiratory/ CVS pressure
• No pressure in genitalia area

Dr. D. R. Burley of Georgia
50
Recumbent animal

• Stand next to spine
• Back/ Rib/ Thigh
• Tap, slap or poke (blunt item)
• Knee
• Electric cattle prod only if necessary

51
Calf restraint

• Separate the calf from mother first
• One arm around chest and other around base of
  tail
• Lateral recumbency Flanking, slide down your
  legs DO NOT throw calf on ground
• 1 knee on neck and other holding HL

52
Calf restraint

• Do not throw the calf to the ground
• Do not place the entire bodyweight on the calf
  and do not occlude the trachea

53
Video

• http//vetvideos.com/restraintcattle.htm
• http//video.google.com/videoplay?docid-172502694
  2547112254
• http//video.google.com/videoplay?docid8512037042
  653473796
• http//video.google.com/videoplay?docid-676121704
  8822203559
• http//video.google.com/videoplay?docid-335665491
  3389880021

54
References

• http//research.vet.upenn.edu/Dairy/Restraint/Rest
  raintsthatDivertAttention/NoseLead/tabid/3904/Defa
  ult.aspx
• K Holtgrew-Bohling , Large Animal Clinical
  Procedures for Veterinary Technicians, 2nd
  Edition, Mosby, 2012, ISBN 97803223077323
• McCurnin, Dennis and Bassert, Joanna, Clinical
  Textbook for Veterinary Technicians, 6th Edition,
  W. B. Saunders, 2005, ISBN 0721606121.

55
Editions

• Dr. Mendoza
• Dr. Brahmbhatt