Workshop on common metrics to calculate the CO2 equivalence of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks

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Workshop on common metrics to calculate the CO2
equivalence of anthropogenic greenhouse gas
emissions by sources and removals by sinks
Topic IV Relationship between policy frameworks
and metrics
Implication of different common metrics on
mitigation policies the case of Brazil

• Thiago de Araújo Mendes
• Prof. IEC-PUC Minas/ Brazil

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Presentation Overview
Implication of different common metrics on
mitigation policies the case of Brazil

1. Brazils approach in the National Communications
   estimates in mass values, concerns with use of
   GWP in a generalized way, implications from use
   of other metrics to the total national emissions
2. Brazilian efforts to contribute to reduction of
   GHG emissions role played by CDM
3. Impacts of the applications of different metrics
   to the mitigation results
4. Final remarks

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I - Brazils national GHG inventory
I - Brazils national GHG inventory GWP and GTP
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Aggregated GHG emissions
I - Brazils national GHG inventory GWP and GTP

• Guidelines requirements (17/CP.8)
• Non-Annex I Parties wishing to report on
  aggregated GHG emissions and removals expressed
  in CO2 equivalents should use the global warming
  potentials (GWP) provided by the IPCC in its
  Second Assessment Report (1995 IPCC GWP Values)
  based on the effects of GHGs over a 100-year time
  horizon
• Brazil also provided aggregated emissions using
  the GTP metrics to highlight the difference in
  the total net GHG emissions and the importance of
  the metrics discussion.

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Source Brazil, 2010
I - Brazils national GHG inventory GWP and GTP
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Source Brazil, 2010
I - Brazils national GHG inventory GWP and GTP
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Source Brazil, 2010
I - Brazils national GHG inventory GWP and GTP
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II - Brazilian efforts to contribute to the
reduction of GHG emissions role played by CDM
II - Role of CDM on Brazilian efforts to reduces
GHG emissions
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CDM
II - Role of CDM on Brazilian efforts to reduces
GHG emissions

• Art. 12 of KP Kyoto Mechanism
• Assist non-Annex I Parties in achieving
  sustainable development and in contributing to
  the ultimate goal of the Convention
• Assist Annex I countries in achieving compliance
  with their quantified emission limitation and
  reduction commitments.

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CDM Importance assigned by Brazil
II - Role of CDM on Brazilian efforts to reduces
GHG emissions

• Brazil was the first country to set a Designated
  National Authority (DNA) (1999)
• A Brazilian project methodology was one of the
  first approved by the EB (Landfill Salvador da
  Bahia)
• A Brazilian project was the first CDM project
  registered (Nova Gerar)
• High participation on the portfolio of projects

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II - Role of CDM on Brazilian efforts to reduces
GHG emissions
30/06/2011
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II - Role of CDM on Brazilian efforts to reduces
GHG emissions
30/06/2011
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II - Role of CDM on Brazilian efforts to reduces
GHG emissions
30/06/2011
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CDM RESULTS IN BRAZIL
II - Role of CDM on Brazilian efforts to reduces
GHG emissions

• In August 2010, the potential of annual reduction
  from project activities in Brazil in the CDM
  pipeline represented 8 of emissions from sectors
  other than land use, land use change and forestry
  in 1994.
• 5 CDM project activities related to the
  production of adipic acid and nitric acid alone
  have reduced N2O emissions virtually to zero in
  the Brazilian industrial sector
• 25 registered CDM project activities accounted
  for a reduction of approximately 47 of methane
  emissions in landfills in 1994.

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II - Role of CDM on Brazilian efforts to reduces
GHG emissions
Source 2nd National Communication, 2011
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III - Impacts on the different metrics in
Brazilian CDM potential mitigation efforts
III - Impacts on the different metrics in
Brazilian CDM potential results
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III - Impacts on the different metrics in
Brazilian CDM potential results
AR4 GWP GTP SAR GWP
CO2 1 1 1
CH4 25 4 21
N2O 298 265 310
SF6 22800 28000 23900
CF4 7390 9180 6500
- For use in the second commitment period of
the KP - Source FUGLESTVEDT, J.S. et al.,
2010 - For use in the first commitment period
of the KP
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III - Impacts on the different metrics in
Brazilian CDM mitigation efforts
15/03/2012
30/06/2011
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III - Impacts on the different metrics in
Brazilian CDM potential results
15/03/2012
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III - Impacts on the different metrics in
Brazilian CDM potential results
30/06/2011
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III - Impacts on the different metrics in
Brazilian CDM potential results
30/06/2011
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IV - Final remarks
IV Final Remarks
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IV Final Remarks

• Inventory aggregate GHG emissions can be a
  misleading information and the choice of metric
  deeply affects the results.
• Benefit of methane CDM projects to climate change
  mitigation is likely overestimated by the use of
  GWP.
• Use of the GTP metric to assess the mitigation
  benefit would significantly reduce revenues from
  CH4 CDM projects activities in Brazil
• Brazils annual CERs issuance would be reduced by
  19 million, representing a potential 1st
  crediting period reduction of 147 million tCO2e
  

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Thank you

• Contacts
• thiagomendes81_at_gmail.com