Bacteria:

1
Bacteria

• Classification and Structure

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What are the 6 Kingdoms?

• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria
• Protists
• Fungi
• Plants
• Animals

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We are looking at the first two

• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria

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Classification of Bacteria

• Archaebacteria extremists
• Eubacteria
• Heterotrophs
• Photosynthetic autotrophs
• Chemosynthetic autotrophs

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Archaebacteria

• Live in extreme locations
• Oxygen-free environments
• Concentrated salt-water
• Hot, acidic water

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METHANOGENS

• These Archaebacteria are anaerobes. They make
  methane (natural gas) as a waste product. They
  are found in swamp sediments, sewage, and in
  buried landfills

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HALOPILIES

• These are salt-loving Archaebacteria that grow in
  places like the Great Salt Lake of Utah
• dark pink.
• The pigment for a type of photosynthesis that
  does not produce oxygen.
• Aerobic

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THERMOPHILIES

• These are Archaebacteria from hot springs and
  other high temperature environments
• Anaerobic

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Eubacteria - Heterotrophs

• Found everywhere
• Parasites live off of other organisms
• Saprobes live off of dead organisms or waste
  (recyclers)

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Eubacteria Photosynthetic Autotrophs

• Photosynthetic make their own food from light
• Cyanobacteria blue-green, yellow, or red
• ponds, streams, moist areas

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Eubacteria-Photosynthetic

• Cyanobacteria

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• Cyanobacteria were the first organisms on Earth
  to do modern photosynthesis and they made the
  first oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere.

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BENEFICIAL BACTERIA

• Actinomycetes, produce antibiotics such as
  streptomycin

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BENEFICIAL

• Bacteria live symbiotically in the guts of
  animals or elsewhere in their bodies.
• E. coli

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BENEFICIAL

• Bacteria in your gut produce vitamin K which is
  essential to blood clot formation.

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• Bacteria put the tang in yogurt and the sour in
  sourdough bread.
• Saprobes help to break down dead organic matter.
• Bacteria make up the base of the food web in many
  environments.

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Eubacteria Chemosynthetic Autotrophs

• Get energy by breaking down inorganic substances
  like sulfur and nitrogen
• Make nitrogen in the air usable for plants Very
  Important

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Structure of Bacteria

• Two parts to Bacteria Structure
• Arrangement
• Shape

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Arrangement

• Paired diplo
• Grape-like clusters staphylo
• Chains strepto

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Shape

• Rod bacillus
• Spheres coccus
• Spirals spirillum

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Examples

• Streptococcus chains of spheres
• Staphylospirillum Grapelike clusters of spirals
• Streptobacillus Chains of rods

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GRAM STAINING

• The Gram stain, which divides most clinically
  significant bacteria into two main groups, is the
  first step in bacterial identification. 
• Bacteria stained purple are Gram - their cell
  walls have thick petidoglycan
• Bacteria stained pink are Gram their cell walls
  have have thin peptidoglycan

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GRAM STAINING STEPS

• The Gram stain has four steps
• 1. crystal violet, the primary stain followed
  by
• 2. iodine, which acts as a mordant by forming a
  crystal violet-iodine complex, then
• 3. alcohol, which decolorizes, followed by
• 4. safranin, the counterstain

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GRAM STAIN POSITIVE

• It is one of the most common bacteria isolated
  from infections in horses. Like other
  streptococci, S. zooepidemicus is a Gram positive
  coccus, meaning that it stains purple with Gram
  stain

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GRAM STAIN POSITIVE

• Streptococcus
• Pink is gram stain negative bacteria E. coli

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GRAM STAIN POSITIVE

• Bacillus anthracis, the cause of anthrax
  (endospores that can be inhaled, through pores in
  the skin)

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GRAM STAIN NEGATIVE

• E. coli

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GRAM STAIN NEGATIVE

• Spirillium