Climbout Factor Guidance

1
Climbout Factor Guidance
The following departure procedure and climbout
guidance supplements and clarifies AFI 11-202 Vol
3 and AFM 11-217. It will be followed by all 32
FTS aircrews. ORM was utilized to determine the
safest course of action for any given takeoff
situation. While the Off-Station Climbout Factor
ORM Decision Tree will assist IPs in determining
the safest course of action, it is not a
substitute for sound pilot judgment or common
sense. If a situation arises that is not
addressed in this guidance, contact the 32 FTS
SUP. The following information supplements the
Climbout Factor ORM Decision Tree. Notes 1.
Authorized actions to meet required COF 1)
reduced fuel load (SUP approval required if
planned fuel is less than 4000 lbs), 2) wait for
temperature to decrease, 3) change runways, 4)
zero-flap takeoff (if CFL is less than runway
available), 5) ACM-off takeoff, and 6) use 1500
climbout profile 2. Home airfield In IMC or
VMC, 2.5 climb gradient is required to DOH (2800
MVA at Vance). The reduced COF at Vance AFB is
justified by the lack of obstacles/terrain and
aircrews familiarity with the departure
airfield. NOTE These departures have been
approved for T-37 operations at less than
152/NM. 4. If using the 1500 climbout profile
with 10 flaps for initial takeoff or touch and
goes, crews may raise flaps at 400 if both
engines are operating normally 5. The
attached ORM Decision Tree will be used when
planning initial takeoffs, touch and goes,
go-arounds and missed approaches while operating
at other than Vance AFB. 6. When using the
single engine climb gradient postage stamp to
determine the COF for a required climb gradient,
the correct column must be used to ensure
obstacle clearance. DOH is a valid method of
ensuring obstacle clearance with no published
climb gradient. DOH is an IFR altitude (MSA or
MVA) minus 1000. If a climb gradient must be
maintained above 400 or 1500 (e.g. up to the
minimum IFR altitude), then the greater than
column (i.e. the right column) must be used. The
less than column (i.e. the left column) only
guarantees a given climb gradient up to 400 or
1500.
2
Climbout Factor Guidance
5. The attached ORM Decision Tree will be used
when planning initial takeoffs, touch and goes,
go-arounds and missed approaches while operating
at other than Vance AFB. 6. When using the
single engine climb gradient postage stamp to
determine the COF for a required climb gradient,
the correct column must be used to ensure
obstacle clearance. DOH is a valid method of
ensuring obstacle clearance with no published
climb gradient. DOH is an IFR altitude (MSA or
MVA) minus 1000. If a climb gradient must be
maintained above 400 or 1500 (e.g. up to the
minimum IFR altitude), then the greater than
column (i.e. the right column) must be used. The
less than column (i.e. the left column) only
guarantees a given climb gradient up to 400 or
1500.
3
Off-Station Climbout Factor ORM Decision TreeFor
Initial Takeoff, Go-Arounds, Touch-n-goes, and
Missed Approaches
Can 200 ft/nm or the published climb gradient,
whichever is higher, be met one engine
inoperative?
No
Yes
Continue Mission
Have all authorized actions to meet required
climb gradient been considered? (See Note 1)
Yes
No
Is there a published climb gradient?
(i.e. Trouble T)
Evaluate/apply approved actions in Note 1 to meet
required climb gradient
No
Yes
If 48 feet/NM is subtracted from published climb
gradient, can reduced gradient be achieved.
Can 2.5 gradient (152/NM) be achieved
No
No
Yes
Yes
Discontinue mission until more favorable
conditions exist.

• SUP approval required. Squadron Supervisor may
  approve takeoff if the following conditions are
  met
• Calculated COF must provide a climb gradient
  equal to or
• greater than published climb gradient minus 48
  feet or
• 152/NM to minimum IFR altitude
• VFR chart of terrain is available and crew is
  aware of
• obstacle location
• VMC to min IFR altitude (MSA, MVA, etc)
• If IMC departure is required, the DO (or CC)
  must
• approve the planned actions
• - Crew must consider DOH, known obstacles,
  and planned
• departure routing

All calculated climbout factors assume one
engine inoperative
4
Cold Weather Climbout

• General Knowledge

5
Introduction

• Climbout Requirements
• Cold Weather
• Second Segment Climb
• Example Problem (Vance AFB)
• Conclusion

6
Climbout Requirements

• IFR climbs require 200 feet/NM (3.3 gradient)
• VFR climbs require 152 feet/NM (2.5 gradient)

7
Cold Weather

• Icing may require use of engine anti-ice on the
  ground
• If required, engine anti-ice reduces engine
  performance resulting in 2.0 reduction in COF
• Icing may require use of wing and engine anti-ice
  at or above 400 feet AGL.
• Degradation of climb performance is accounted for
  in Minimum Climbout Factor Required Charts

8
Second Segment Climb

• If anti-ice is required during the climb profile,
  you must use the second segment climb to
  determine your climbout factor that is required.
• The second column of the postage stamp (or climb
  gt400 feet)

9
Example Problem

• Vance AFB
• Weather
• 0oC
• Broken at 600 feet AGL
• 1 SM visibility with mist
• Calm winds
• Altimeter 29.92
• COF required is approximately 5.2 ( 2.0 for
  engine anti-ice reduction) 7.2 effective COF

10
Charts for Example
11
Charts for Example
12
Charts for Example
152 FT/NM or 200 FT/NM You must use the second
segment climb to determine your overall climb
performance.
13
Charts for Example
14
Charts for Example
15
Conclusion

• Pay attention to your icing requirements
• If icing requires use of anti-ice during the
  initial climb to minimum IFR altitude, use the
  second segment climb (or right column in the
  postage stamp)
• Be aware of the NOTES associated with our
  commonly used performance charts
• Climbout only gets more difficult in the winter!!!