ITEA Presentation of STANDARDS FOR TECHNOLOGICAL LITERACY

1
ITEA Presentation ofSTANDARDS FOR TECHNOLOGICAL
LITERACY

• William E. Dugger Jr., DTE
• Pam B. Newberry

September, 2000
2
What you will gain from this presentation...

• Background on the Development of Standards for
  Technological Literacy
• An overview of Standards for Technological
  Literacy
• Suggestions on how to begin the implementation
  process

3

• Standards for Technological Literacy Content for
  the Study of Technology

4
Terminology

• Technology is the modification of the natural
  environment in order to satisfy perceived human
  needs and wants.

• Technological literacy is the ability to use,
  manage, assess, and understand technology.
• Technology Education is a study of technology,
  which provides an opportunity for students to
  learn about the processes and knowledge related
  to technology that are needed to solve problems
  and extend human capabilities.

5
Three Prevalent Misconceptions

• Technology is applied Science
• The lack of technological literacy is compounded
  by one prevalent misconception When asked to
  define technology, most individuals reply with
  the archaic and mostly erroneous, idea that
  technology is applied science (Bybee, 2000, pg.
  23).
• Equating Technology Education with teaching
  computers and information technology
• Confusing technology with technical

6
Cannot escape the reality that

• Most advances in science are based on technology.
• S-T-S theme introduces even the naïve person to
  the pervasive nature of technology in our
  society.
• It is in the interest of science, science
  education, and society to help students and all
  citizens develop a greater understanding and
  appreciation for some of the fundamental concepts
  and processes of technology and engineering
  (Bybee, 2000, p. 23-24).

7
Technology Education and Educational Technology

• Technology Education
• (Technological Studies)
• Teaches about technology
• A school subject
• Ultimate goal Technological literacy for
  everyone

• Educational Technology
• (Information Technology)
• Teaches with technology
• A means of teaching
• Ultimate goal
• Improving the process of teaching and learning

8
What is Standards for Technological Literacy
based on?

• Based on Rationale and Structure Phase 1
• Reviewed national standards from other fields
• Analyzed national standards for inclusion of
  technology
• Coordinated with NSES Standards and AAAS
  Benchmarks
• Reviewed state standards
• Interviewed state supervisors on standards

9
EVOLUTION OF TAXOMETRIC ORGANIZERS
THE NATURE OF TECHNOLOGY Std 1 The
Characteristics and Scope of Technology Std 2
The Core Concepts of Technology Std 3
Relationships Among Technologies and the
Connections Between Technology and Other
Fields TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY Std 4 The
Cultural, Social, Economic, and Political Effects
of Technology Std 5 The Effects of Technology on
the Environment Std 6 The Role of Society in the
Development and Use of Technology Std 7 The
Influence of Technology on History DESIGN Std 8
The Attributes of Design Std 9 Engineering
Design Std 10 The Role of Troubleshooting,
Research and Development, Invention and
Innovation, and Experimentation in Problem
Solving ABILITIES FOR A TECHNOLOGICAL WORLD Std
11 Apply Design Processes Std 12 Use and
Maintain Technological Products and Systems Std
13 Assess the Impact of Products and Systems THE
DESIGNED WORLD Std 14 Medical Technologies Std
15 Agricultural and Related Biotechnologies Std
16 Energy and Power Technologies Std 17
Information and Communication Technologies Std
18 Transportation Technologies Std 19
Manufacturing Technologies Std 20 Construction
Technologies
KNOWLEDGE Nature and Evolution of
Technology Linkages Technological Concepts and
Principles PROCESSES Designing and Developing
Technological Processes and Systems Determining
and Controlling the Behavior of Technological
Systems Utilizing Technological Systems
Assessing the Impacts and Consequences of
Technological Systems CONTEXTS Biological and
Chemical Systems Informational Systems Physical
Systems
PROCESSES
KNOWLEDGE
CONTEXTS
From Rationale Structure (TfAAP, 1996)
From Technology Content Standards (TfAAP, 2000)
10
What Standards for Technological Literacy is NOT

• It is not a curriculum, on the other hand,
  Standards for Technological Literacy can describe
  overarching goals, or ways in which the
  curriculum should be orchestrated to achieve a
  desired result.
• It is our belief that curriculum goals and
  principles should not be part of a description of
  content standards.
• Standards for Technological Literacy does not
  prescribe courses or programs (groups of courses)

11
Guiding Principles BehindStandards for
Technological Literacy

• The standards and benchmarks were created with
  the following guiding principles

• They offer a common set of expectations for what
  students should learn in the study of technology.
• They are developmentally appropriate for
  students.
• They provide a basis for developing meaningful,
  relevant, and articulated curricula at the local,
  state, and provincial levels.
• They promote content connections with other
  fields of study in grades K-12.
• They encourage active and experiential learning.

12
Who is a technologically literate person?

• Understands

• What technology is
• How technology is created
• How the use of technology shapes society and in
  turn,
• How society shapes the development of technology

13
Executive Summary

• Answers frequently asked questions about
  technology and technological literacy
• Is in PDF format on ITEA website
• Is a useful guide as you learn more about
• Standards for Technological Literacy

14
Structure of the Standards
Standards
Benchmarks
K-2 3-5 6-8 9-12
The characteristics and scope of technology The
core concepts of technology The relationships
among technologies and the connections between
technology and other fields of study
The Nature of Technology
The cultural, social, economic, and political
effects of technology The effects of
technology on the environment The role of
society in the development and use of
technology The influence of technology on history
Technology and Society
Design
The attributes of design Engineering
design The role of troubleshooting, research and
development, invention and innovation, and
experimentation in problem solving
Abilities for A Technological World
Apply the design process Use and maintain
technological products and systems Assess the
impact of products and systems
Medical technologies Agricultural and related
biotechnologies Energy and power
technologies Information and communication
technologies Transportation technologies Manufac
turing technologies Construction technologies
The Designed World
15
Standards vs. Benchmarks

• Standards are the target
• Benchmarks are provided as a guide to begin
  implementation, but there may be additional
  benchmarks needed for your particular situation.

16
Grade 6-8 Benchmark Sample
Standard 11 Students are able to apply the
design process, including manipulative and mental
abilities, in order to solve technological
problems.
As part of learning how to apply design
processes, students in grades 6-8 should be able
to

• Identify and select a need, want, or problem to
  solve.
• Specify goals of the problem to be solved.
• Research the design and generate possible
  solution ideas.
• Identify criteria and specify constraints.
• Explore various processes and resources and
  select and use the most appropriate ones.
• Develop a design proposal that meets established
  criteria and constraints.
• Make a model of the proposed solution.
• Test and evaluate the design in relation to
  pre-established criteria and constraints and
  refine as needed.
• Based on the results of the tests and evaluation,
  improve the design solution.
• Make a product or system and document the
  procedures and results.
• Use a design portfolio, journal, drawing, sketch,
  or schematic to document ideas, processes, and
  results.

17
Table of Contents
Chapters

• Preparing Students for a Technological World
• Overview of Technology Content Standards
• The Nature of Technology
• Technology and Society
• Design
• Abilities for a Technological World
• The Designed World
• Call to Action

18
The Nature of Technology

• Std. 1 Students will develop an understanding of
  the characteristics and scope of technology.
• Std. 2 Students will develop an understanding of
  the core concepts of technology.
• Std. 3 Students will develop an understanding of
  the relationships among technologies and the
  connections between technology and other fields
  of study.

19
Technology and Society

• Std. 4 Students will develop an understanding of
  the cultural, social, economic, and political
  effects of technology.
• Std. 5 Students will develop an understanding of
  the effects of technology on the environment.
• Std. 6 Students will develop an understanding of
  the role of society in the development and use of
  technology.
• Std. 7 Students will develop an understanding of
  the influence of technology on history.

20
Design

• Std. 8 Students will develop an understanding of
  the attributes of design.
• Std. 9 Students will develop an understanding of
  engineering design.
• Std. 10 Students will develop an understanding
  of the role of troubleshooting, research and
  development, invention and innovation, and
  experimentation in problem solving.

21
Abilities for a Technological World

• Std. 11 Students will develop the abilities to
  apply the design process.
• Std. 12 Students will develop the abilities to
  use and maintain technological products and
  systems.
• Std. 13 Students will develop the abilities to
  assess the impact of products and systems.

22
The Designed World

• Std. 14 Students will develop an understanding
  of and be able to select and use medical
  technologies.
• Std. 15 Students will develop an understanding
  of and be able to select and use agricultural and
  related biotechnologies.
• Std. 16 Students will develop an understanding
  of and be able to select and use energy and power
  technologies.
• Std. 17 Students will develop an understanding
  of and be able to select and use information and
  communication technologies.

23
The Designed World cont.

• Std. 18 Students will develop an understanding
  of and be able to select and use transportation
  technologies.
• Std. 19 Students will develop an understanding
  of and be able to select and use manufacturing
  technologies.
• Std. 20 Students will develop an understanding
  of and be able to select and use construction
  technologies.

24
The Challenge

• Blending depth and breadth in a properly balanced
  ratio
• Making choices, compromises, and sacrifices
• Highlighting Big ideas
• Pursuing essential questions in depth
• Providing as much direct experience as possible
  to give meaning to key ideas

Wiggins McTighe, 1998
25
THANK YOU!
URL http//www.iteawww.org ITEA-TfAAP
William E. Dugger duggerw_at_itea-tfaap.org Or
Pam B. Newberry newberryp_at_itea-tfaap.org