Chapter 9 Section 3

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Chapter 9Section 3

• Reforming
• Society

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Cleaning Up the City

• Clubs and reform groups asked the government for
  help to rid the cities of garbage, regulate
  better housing and improving public education
• A man named Lawrence Veiller succeeded in getting
  the New York State Tenement House Act passed
• Through this act the law required new buildings
  to have one bathroom for each apartment or for
  every three rooms. Also for the rooms to have
  access to light and fresh clean air
• Others petitioned for the creation of a safe
  place to play. As a result millions of dollars
  were spent on playgrounds in the U.S.

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City Planning

• Progressives believed that cleaner cities would
  produce better citizens. That beautiful cities
  and impressive architecture would instill
  patriotism among the immigrant population
• In Chicago in 1909 Daniel Burnham, a leading
  architect and city planner, produced the first
  plan to redesign a U.S. city
• City planers in Cleveland, San Francisco and
  Washington D.C. also hired Burnham
• Although some of his plans were never fully
  built, people realized that city planning was a
  necessary function of city governments

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Daniel Burnhams Design
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Moral Reform

• Progressives also wanted to reform immoral
  behavior
• They called for Prohibition or a ban on the
  manufacture, sale and transportation of alcoholic
  beverages
• Thousands of volunteer speakers spread the
  prohibition message one of them was Billy
  Sunday, a former ball player who became a
  Presbyterian minister
• The Anti-Saloon League (ASL) and the Womans
  Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) led the war
  against alcohol.
• Led by Frances Willard the WCTU became a strong
  national force
• In 1917 Congress proposed the 18th Amendment and
  the states ratified it in 1919. (However, it was
  repealed in 1933)

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Movie going

• Many reformers believed that motion pictures
  were a threat to morality and should be censored
• Declaring that movies promoted immoral values
  reformers demanded that films be censored. As a
  result the movie industry began censoring itself
• This debate has not change much over the years.
  Some are still concerned about the content of
  movies and want them censored. Others believe
  that film in an expression and that we have
  freedom of expression. The movie industry
  continues to censor itself in order to avoid
  government or other organizations invoking
  censorship

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Progressivism Racial Discrimination

• Progressives were concerned about the poor.
  However, very few white progressives devoted much
  energy to issues of discrimination against
  African Americans and American Indians
• Some progressives expressed open prejudice
  against African Americans and American Indians
• One of the most influential African American
  leaders to come out of this period was W.E.B. Du
  Bois
• In 1909 Du Bois and a group of African American
  and white progressives met in New York City. Out
  of this meeting came the National Association
  for the Advancement of Colored People, (NAACP) an
  organization dedicated to ending racial
  discrimination

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Continued.

• W.E.B. Du Bois edited The Crisis, the NAACPs
  monthly magazine
• The NAACP use the court system to fight civil
  rights restrictions
• In 1915 the NAACP won its first victory in Guinn
  vs. United States where the Supreme Court ruled
  that the grandfather clause that exempted
  whites from laws that were passed to keep the
  African Americans from voting was
  unconstitutional
• The National Urban League also fought for racial
  equality one of their goals was to help African
  Americans moving from the south to the north
  adjust to their new lives and surroundings

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American Indians Organize

• In 1911 a group of Native Americans formed the
  Society of American Indians to improve civil
  rights, education, health and local government
• Some members supported the strengthening of
  Native American culture. But most favored
  complete absorption into white American culture
• The debate on these issues led to the groups
  decline
• But it did lay the groundwork for later attempts
  to improve conditions for Native Americans

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Banquet for the Society of American Indians
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Immigrants Assimilation

• Reformers lobbied to improve conditions for
  immigrants
• At the same time progressives criticized
  immigrants, accusing them of immoral behavior
  such as drinking and gambling
• Many progressives supported Americanization, a
  process of preparing foreign-born residents for
  full U.S. citizenship, to make them more like
  native-born citizens
• Native Americans and some immigrants rejected
  help from reformers because the reformers did not
  respect their culture

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Review Questions

• In the early 1910s how much did women earn in a
  week on average?
• The American Federation of Labor (AFL), refused
  to accept what type of workers?
• In what city did Daniel Burnham, a leading
  architect and city planner, produced the first
  plan to redesign a U.S. city?
• What is Prohibition?
• What did reformers believed was a threat to
  morality and should be censored
• Some progressives expressed open prejudice
  against what groups of people?
• One of the most influential African American
  leaders to come out of this period was who?

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This guy is why people thought prohibition was a
good idea