Essential Question

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Essential Question

• What were the primary tensions over slavery?

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The Land of Cotton
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North v. South

• North dependent on industry
• South dependent on agriculture

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Cotton

• Rapidly spread throughout the South as the most
  important crop
• Spread the institution of slavery and demand for
  slave labor

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Cotton Plantation
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Slave Labor

• 1820 to 1850
• Increased from 1.5 million to 4 million

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Issue of States Rights

• Tariff of 1828 on manufactured goods from England
• South Carolina called it Tariff of Abominations

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Nullification Crisis

• South Carolina threatened to secede (withdraw)
  from the Union
• John C. Calhoun vice president

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Nullification Crisis

• Argument Union is a voluntary association of
  states
• States have the right to declare a federal law
  null and void

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Quotes

• President Jackson Our federal Union it must
  be preserved.
• Vice-President Calhoun The Union next to our
  liberty, most dear.

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Nullification Crisis

• SC adopted an ordinance of nullification
  declaring tariffs unconstitutional

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Nullification Crisis

• Congress passed the Force Bill
• Authorized President Jackson to use force to
  enforce the acts of Congress

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The Abolitionist Movement
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Early Abolition Movement

• Abolition an immediate end to slavery in the
  South
• Very divisive reform movement

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William Lloyd Garrison

• Boston
• Antislavery newsletter The Liberator

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American Antislavery Society

• Called for emancipation freeing of all slaves
• Slavery is immoral

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Sarah and Angelina Grimke

• Sisters from South Carolina
• Moved north to work against slavery

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Frederick Douglass

• Escaped from slavery in Maryland
• Well-known speaker against slavery

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Sojourner Truth

• Gained freedom in 1827 in NY
• Antislavery speeches that drew large crowds

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Southern Response

• Considered slavery vital to their way of life
• Depended on agriculture, cotton

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Nat Turner Rebellion

• August 1831
• Nat Turner organized a slave revolt in which 160
  people were killed

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Slave Codes

• Strict state laws
• No property ownership
• No freedom of movement
• No reading and writing

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Uncle Toms Cabin

• 1852
• Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Writing of enslaved Tom and a violent overseer

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Uncle Toms Cabin

• Changed Northern ideas about slavery and African
  Americans
• Southerners tried to have the novel banned

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The Underground Railroad

• Informal, organized system that helped slaves
  escape
• Conductors led slaves along the route to freedom

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Harriet Tubman

• Runaway who returned to the South several times
  to assist slaves