Facing a

1
Slave State?
Free State?
or

• Facing a
• National Problem

2
F.O.A. (Bellwork)
What message do you get from this photo?
3
EQs

• What role did slavery play in the United States?
  (8.5 spi 8)
• What were some of the consequences of expansion?
  (8.5 spi 13)
• What were some of the causes of the civil war?
  (8.5 spi 4)

4
Next week

• Mexican/American War

5
Questions

• Whats a free state?
• Whats a slave state?

6
New Compromises

• Henry Clay
• Worked hard to settle differences dividing the
  nation.
• Congressman from Kentucky
• Free state didnt want slavery.
• Slave state wanted slavery
• Everything was EVEN until Missouri became a
  state.

7
The Missouri Compromise

• Asked to join the U.S. as a slave state
• This would make more slave states than free.
• Missouri would join as a slave state AND Maine
  would join as a free state.
• Imaginary line would be drawn through the rest of
  the Louisiana territory

8
Solutions to the Problem

• North of the line Free States
• South of the line Slave states

9
Results of the Missouri Compromise of 1820

• Kept the peace for nearly 30 years
• Six new states joined the Union 3 slave and 3
  free.still equal in number
• AND THEN along cameCalifornia

10
The Compromise of 1850

• Henry Clay to the rescue AGAIN
• California Free
• New Mexico and Utah territories people would
  decide

11
Assignment

• Work on your assignment from Wednesday.
• Make a key and color all known states and
  territories like you see on page 304 for a map.
• Draw boundaries for the known states and
  territories, as well as the unknown territories.
  Label the states.
• If you finish, draw an editorial cartoon on the
  Missouri Compromise.

12
Fugitive Slave Law

• A new law that said
• Anyone caught helping slaves escape would be
  punished.
• If you found a runaway slave, you had to return
  them to their owner.

13
Hopes for Peace Fade

• Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
• Gave people living there the choice by voting
• Hundreds moved in to vote on whether to be a
  free or slave state.
• Tempers FLARED and over 200 people were killed in
  the dispute
• Nicknamed Bleeding Kansas

14
Dred Scott Case

• Supreme Court ruled that once a slave, living in
  a free state, didnt change that.
• Said Scott had none of the rights and
  privileges of American citizens
• Also said Congress had no right to outlaw slavery
  because the Constitution protects peoples right
  to own PROPERTY and slaves were PROPERTY!!!

15
Abraham Lincoln works for Change

• Violence because of the Kansas-Nebraska act got
  everyones attention
• Abraham Lincoln was against the SPREAD of slavery
• Republican Party formed to fight the spread of
  slavery.
• Lincoln ran for Senator
• Stephen A. Douglas, author of the Kansas-Nebraska
  Act, was his OPPONENT! The battle is ON

16
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates

• Abraham Lincoln
• Tall, thin man from the frontier
• Wore plain dark clothes
• Not well known

• Stephen Douglas
• Heavy and a foot shorter than Lincoln
• Well educated
• Wore fine clothes
• Senator
• Well known

Both were powerful public speakers
17
Douglas

• Each new state should decide the slavery question
  for itself.

18
Lincoln

• The framers of the Constitution intended slavery
  to end.
• The problem is that slavery is WRONG!

19
Senate Winner

• Stephen Douglas was re-elected to the Senate.
• But.now everyone knew who Abraham Lincoln was!!!

Douglas Wins!
20
Lesson 4

• A Time for Hard
• DECISIONS

21

• The Election of 1860
• Democratic Party candidate Douglas
• Democratic Party south Breckinridge
• Republican Party LINCOLN

22
Stephen A. Douglas

• West should decide for themselves about slavery.

States' Choice
23
John Breckinridge

• Democratic candidate popular with southerners
• Government should allow slavery everywhere in the
  West.

Slavery Everywhere
24
Abraham Lincoln

• Republican candidate
• Against the SPREAD of slavery
• Promised not to stop slavery in the South where
  it was already practiced.
• Said he hoped it would one day END there, too.

No Slavery beyond this point!
25
Worried White Southerners

• Many in the South were afraid if Lincoln were
  elected, slavery would be outlawed.
• Some even said they would LEAVE the Union if
  Lincoln was elected.

Lincoln In...We're OUT
26
Lincoln Elected President

• November 6, 1860
• December 20, 1860 South Carolinas leaders
  seceded from the Union.
• Later SIX other southern states seceded
• Mississippi
• Florida
• Alabama
• Georgia
• Louisiana
• Texas

27
John Browns Rebellion

• John Browns rebellion at Harpers Ferry
• A white abolitionist
• Stole guns from Harpers Ferry warehouse to give
  to slaves
• Caught, tried, and hanged
• Southern states thought they were no longer safe
  from the abolitionist North

28
The Confederate States of America

• South Carolina
• Mississippi
• Florida
• Louisiana
• Alabama
• Georgia
• Texas

Jefferson Davis
29
Fort Sumter

• Some advised Lincoln to Let the states go
• Others said, Give in on the slavery question.
• Still others said, Use the ARMY to end their
  revolt!

Give In
FIGHT
Ignore
30
Lincolns Choices

• He wanted to prevent war.
• We are not enemies, but friends.
• THE VERY NEXT DAY
• An important message came from Major Robert
  Anderson commander at Fort Sumter

31
Urgent!

• Message from Commander Anderson

Supplies at the Fort are almost gone. If new
supplies are not sent soon, we will be forced to
surrender the fort to the Confederacy.
32
What to Do???

• If I send suppliesSoutherners might attack.
• If I send troops.Southerners WILL attack.
• If I do nothingthe commander will have to
  surrender.

?
?
?
33
Decision

• Lincoln decided to send supply ships
• And see what the Southerners would do

34
Confederate President Davis

• Davis decided to take over the fort BEFORE the
  supply ships arrived.
• Demanded them to surrender.
• NEVER!
• The Confederate troops FIRED on the fort, Major
  Anderson and his men ran out of ammunition and
  had to give up.

35
The Civil War has Begun!

• Lincoln called for Americans to join the army to
  stop the rebellion.
• Frightened southern states not in the Confederacy
  now joined with the other 7 states.
• Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina
  
• 11 States Strong

36
North vs. South
37
Comparing Sides

• NORTH
• Larger population (22,000,000)
• More railroads, canals, and roads
• Superior industry
• Great navy
• Financial stability banking

SOUTH -Better generals -Most of the fighting
happened in the South
38
Norths Strategy

• Blockade southern ports gain control of the MS
  River divide the South in half

39
Souths Strategy

• Cotton Diplomacy
• Get Great Britain to help because it needed
  cotton didnt work

40
Course of the War

• Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
• Confederate Generals Stonewall Jackson Robert
  E. Lee Union General George McClellan

41
Antietam (Sep. 17, 1862)

• After Bull Run, Lee thought it was time to invade
  the North
• Met Union forces at Antietam Creek in MD
• Bloodiest single day in American history

42
BROTHER VS. BROTHER
43

• After winning at Antietam, the North goes on the
  attack in TN
• Northern General Ulysses S. Grant
• Battle of Shiloh

44
A Tennessean

• David Farragut
• Admiral in the Union Navy defeated the
  Confederates at New Orleans and Vicksburg, MS

45
Lincoln Has Something To Say

• Emancipation Proclamation
• September 22, 1862
• Freed all the slaves forever many
  African-Americans begin enlisting to fight for
  the Union

46
The Beginning of the End

• Battle of Gettysburg
• Confederacy sustains heavy casualties
• Lee retreats Union General Meade does not follow
  him upsets Lincoln

47
Shermans March to the Sea

• Union General William Tecumseh Sherman led his
  force of 100,000 from TN to Savannah, GA
• Total War destroying EVERYTHING!

48
Surrender

• April 9, 1865 General Lee surrenders to General
  Grant at Appomattox Courthouse

49
Effects of the War

• Slavery is over
• Over 620,000 Americans are dead
• Martial law is declared in some areas
• The once powerful Southern economy is in absolute
  ruins