US History Review

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US History Review
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The Late Antebellum Era (1840-1860)
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When Americans were colonists (1607-1783), the
western border was the Appalachian Mountains
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After the Revolutionary War, the western border
of the U.S. was the Mississippi River
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After Jeffersons Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the
western border was the Rocky Mountains
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By 1850, the western border was the Pacific Ocean
from Oregon to California
Annexation of Oregon (1846)
Mexican-American War (1846-1848), Treaty of
Guadalupe-Hidalgo, Mexican Cession (1848)
California Gold Rush (1849)
Annexation of Texas (1845)
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In 1820, Henry Clay negotiated the Missouri
Compromise
Maine broke from Massachusetts became a free
state
Missouri became a slave state
Slavery was outlawed in all western territories
above the latitude of 3630'
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The Compromise of 1850 solved the sectional
dispute between North South
The people of Utah New Mexico could vote to
allow or ban slavery (popular sovereignty)
The slave trade ended in Washington DC
A stronger Fugitive Slave Law was created that
allowed Southerners to recapture slaves in the
North
California entered as a free state
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Abolitionists
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The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
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The Civil War Reconstruction (1861-1877)
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The Confederate States of America
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Advantages of the Union Confederacy
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The Civil War
Antietam, 1862 Convinced England France
not to join war with CSA convinced Lincoln to
issue the Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg, 1863 The turning point
of the Civil War
Vicksburg, 1863 Cut off Southern
access to Mississippi River led to Ulysses
Grants promotion
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Emancipation Proclamation in 1863
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Reconstruction 1865-1877
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• Presidential Reconstruction (A Johnson)
• States could come back into the USA once they
  ratified the 13th Amendment
• Southerners created black codes to keep
  African-Americans inferior

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• Congressional Reconstruction (led by the Radical
  Republicans)
• The South was placed under military rule
  divided into 5 zones
• Southern states were forced to ratify the 14th
  15th Amendments

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Reconstruction Legislation

• From 1865 to 1877, blacks were protected given
  rights as citizens
• 13th Amendment ended slavery
• 14th Amendment made it illegal to discriminate
  against people due to race, gender, religion
• 15th Amendment gave all black men the right to
  vote
• Freedmans Bureau created to provide food, 40
  acres a mule, schools for African-Americans

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Radical Reconstruction (1867-1877)
Created 5 military districts to enforce
Reconstruction
But, Radical Reconstruction was not adequate to
enforce equality in the South
Black codes were common in many parts of the
South
A secret society called the Ku Klux Klan was
created to keep blacks inferior return
Redeemer Democrats to power
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• Andrew Johnsons Impeachment
• President Johnson interfered with the Radical
  Reconstruction plan was the 1st president to
  be impeached
• But he was not removed from office

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• The end of Reconstruction
• The Second Corrupt Bargain (the Compromise of
  1877)
• President Hayes removed federal troops ended
  military zones
• Jim Crow era began (1877-1954)
• Legal segregation in the South

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Jim Crow Era (1877 to 1954)

• Jim Crow laws keep blacks from voting
• Literacy testsvoters have to read
• Poll taxesvoters must pay a tax
• Grandfather clausesallowed whites to avoid
  literacy test poll taxes
• In Plessy v Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court
  said segregation was OK (separate but equal)

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Jim Crow South from 1877 to 1954