The Structure of the Atom

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The Structure of the Atom

• The Building Block of Matter

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Atomic StructureAt the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to

• List the 3 major subatomic particles with their
  relative size, mass and charges
• List 3 other sub-subatomic particles (not
  General)
• Define the mass number, atomic number and
  symbol from an element on the periodic table

3
Warning Old Farts Swimming!!!
4
The Atom

• An atom consists of a
• nucleus
• (of protons and neutrons)
• electrons in space about the nucleus.

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Atoms are the smallest particles of an element
that retains the chemical properties of that
element

• Parts
• Nucleus small region in the center of the atom.
  
• ( charged protons, and o charged neutrons)
• Electron Cloud large region, compared to
  nucleus, where electrons are found.

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• Check out the Size of Nucleus vs. Electron Cloud

• If Cleveland Stadium were an atom, a marble on
  the 50 yard line would represent the nucleus.

• The atom is extremely small. One teaspoon of
  water has 3 times as many atoms as the Atlantic
  Ocean has teaspoons of water.

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Can We See Atoms?
Yes
Magnesium atoms (white) above Boron atoms (grey)
seen by the transmission electron microscope
8
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Q What do you call an intelligent, good
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9



Proton Neutron Electron
Electron shell / Electron cloud


Nucleus

The Atom
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Nucleus The center of the atom. (it has protons
neutrons)
Electron shell / Electron cloud



The Atom
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Summary of Atomic Particles

• Protons (p)
• electrical charge
• mass 1.673 x 10-24 g
• relative mass 1.007 atomic mass units (amu)
• but we can round to 1
• Neutrons (no)
• no electrical charge
• mass 1.675 x 10-24 g
• relative mass 1.009 amu but we can round to 1

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Summary of Atomic Particles

• Electrons (e-)
• negative electrical charge
• mass 9.109 x 10-28 g
• relative mass 0.0005 amu but we can
  round to 0

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Proton Neutron Electron Mass
1 amu 1 amu 0 amu Charge 1
0 -1



14
Questions about teenage men answered by teenage
women!!!
Q Why do young men whistle when they are
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remember which end to wipe!
15

• Tevatron
• Worlds highest energy particle accelerator.
• 4 miles in circumference
• Why? To find even smaller particles!!!

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We send protons and antiprotons in opposite
directions, and smash them together.
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Particle accelerator
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(No Transcript)
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Particles
Matter anti-Matter
Example electron positron
e1
e-1
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Particles
Matter
anti-Matter
Example Proton
anti-Proton
P-1
P1
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Quarks Leptons
2 3
Up
electron Down
e-1
-1 3
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Neutron Made of 3 Quarks 1 up 2 down
d

u
d
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Proton Made of 3 Quarks 2 up 1 down
u

d
u
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Interesting Name for a Boat!!
25
Photon a particle of light. Electromagnetic
Radiation ALL light. Visible AND Invisible
visible light , x-rays, gamma rays, radio
waves, microwaves, ultraviolet rays, infrared.

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Photon a particle of light
Laser
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Electromagnetic radiation
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Mass comparison Proton is about 1800 x
electron Electron is about 1,000,000 x photon
e-1
. Proton
Electron Photon
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Subatomic Particles Summary

• Quarks
• Fast moving point of energy

• Sum of the charges is the electrical charge

? Up quark 2/3 ? Down quark - 1/3
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Quark Calculations(for protons and neutrons)

• Each proton is 2 up quarks and 1 down quark
• 2(2/3) 1(-1/3) 4/3 1/3 3/3 or 1

• Each neutron is 2 down quarks and 1 up quark
• 2(-1/3) 2/3 0

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Great Little Invention !!!!
32
Atomic Number, Z

• All atoms of the same element have the same
  number of protons in the nucleus, Z

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Al
26.981
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Mass Number

• Number of protons number of neutrons in an
  atom.
• Example 2 protons and 2 neutrons
• When solving for number of neutrons round
  average atomic number properly, subtract the
  atomic number from the mass number.
• Example K with atomic number 19 and average
  atomic mass 39.0983 amu.
• 20 neutrons

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Mass Number, A

• C atom with 6 protons and 6 neutrons is the mass
  standard
• 12 atomic mass units (amu)
• Mass Number (A) protons neutrons
• NOT on the periodic table
• It is the Average atomic mass (which is on the
  periodic table) rounded to the nearest whole
  number

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Element Symbols

• Hyphen Notation
• Element symbol Mass (rounded)
• Example Helium ? He-4
• Nuclear Symbol
• Superscript Mass Number,
• Subscript Atomic Number,
• Symbol
• Example

4
He
2
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Atomic StructureLets see if you can

• List the 3 major subatomic particles with their
  relative size, mass and charges
• List 3 other sub-subatomic particles
• Define the mass number, atomic number and
  symbol from an element on the periodic table

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In Summary

• Atomic number
• the protons and also the electrons if the
  atom is neutral

• Mass Number from PT
• Average atomic number rounded to the nearest
  whole number

• Mass Number
• protons neutrons

38
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school children to the following questionsWhy
did your mom marry your dad?
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39
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40
Which two subatomic particles are found in the
nucleus of an atom?

1. Proton / Electron
2. Proton / Neutron
3. Electron / Neutron
4. Proton / Quark
5. Neutron / Quark

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The atomic number represents the number of if
neutral.

1. Protons
2. Neutrons
3. Protons Neutrons
4. Protons Electrons

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The mass number represents the number of

1. Electrons
2. Protons Electrons
3. Protons Neutrons
4. Neutrons Electrons

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What is the correct Hyphen Notation for Calcium

1. Ca 20
2. Ca 40.078
3. Ca 40.08
4. Ca 40.1
5. Ca - 40

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An atom has 14 protons and 20 neutrons. The
element is

1. Si
2. Ca
3. Se
4. C

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An atom has 15 protons and 17 neutrons. What
element is it?

1. Cl
2. He
3. Ge
4. P

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The isotope C-16 has which of the following?

1. 16 protons
2. 6 neutrons
3. 8 neutrons
4. 10 neutrons
5. 12 electrons
6. 16 neutrons

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22
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The isotope N-16 has which of the following?

1. 16 protons
2. 7 neutrons
3. 8 neutrons
4. 9 neutrons
5. 16 electrons
6. 16 neutrons

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22
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The nucleus contains (select the best answer)

1. Protons
2. Neutrons
3. Electrons
4. Photons
5. Answer 1 and 2
6. Answer 1 and 3
7. Answer 2 and 3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22
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If an element with atomic 12 has 13 neutrons,
what is its atomic mass?

• 1. 12
• 2. 13
• 3. 24
• 4. 25
• 5. not listed

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22
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If an element with atomic 12 has 13 neutrons,
how many electrons does it have?

• 1. 12
• 2. 13
• 3. 24
• 4. 25
• 5. not listed

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22
51
If an atom is neutral, which subatomic particles
would be equal?

1. Protons and neutrons
2. Neutrons and electrons
3. Protons and Electrons

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22
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If an element with atomic 30 has a mass 65, how
many neutrons will it contain?

• 1. 30
• 2. 65
• 3. 95
• 4. 35
• 5. not listed

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22
53
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school children to the following
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1.  Moms work at work and work at home and dads
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