Written by: Jonnettt Hay-Rivenbark

1
Written byJonnettt Hay-Rivenbark
2
English Renaissance

• Cultural and artistic movement in England
• 16th century through early 17th century
• Associated with European Renaissance
• Believed to have begun in Italy

3
English Renaissance

• Contrast English and Italian Renaissance

4
English Renaissance

• Often called Age of Shakespeare or Elizabethan
  Era/Age
• Names are incorrect

5
English Renaissance

• Important playwrights
• William Shakespeare
• Ben Jonson
• Christopher Marlowe

6
English Renaissance

• Important poets of the period
• Edmund Spenser
• John Milton

• Important philosophers
• Sir Francis Bacon
• Sir Thomas More

7
Elizabethan Era

• Period in England associated with rule of Queen
  Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
• Relatively peaceful time

8
Elizabethan Era

• Considered Golden Age of English history

9
Elizabethan Era

• Height of fashion in England
• Influenced by French and Spanish styles

10
Elizabethan Era

• Annual festivities broke up daily life
• People looked forward to celebrations
• Many still celebrated today

11
Elizabethan Era

• Other celebrations include
• Valentines Day
• April Fools Day
• Christmas Season (13 days celebrated from
  Christmas Eve through Epiphany Eve)

12
The Plague

• Bubonic and pneumonic plagues caused 14th century
  Black Death
• Spread through Europe, Middle East and Asia
• Recurred every generation for centuries

13
The Plague

• Known as bubonic and pneumonic plagues
• Believed to be caused mainly by fleas
• Symptoms included fever, chills, muscle pain,
  hemorrhaging,and buboes

14
The Plague

• Occurred again in England during 1592-1593
• Caused all theaters in London to close
• Shakespeare wrote long, narrative poems

15
Shakespeare Biography

• Born in April 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon
• Actual date of birth uncertain
• Went to grammar school and studied Latin

16
Biography

• Father was John Shakespeare-not very wealthy but
  held a municpal

17
Mother--

• Mary Arden Shakespeare

18
Biography

• At 18 married Anne Hathaway
• At 19 had daughter-Suzanne
• 1585 had twinsHamnet and Judith

19
Biography

• Believed to have left for London 1585-1586
• 1594 became member of Lord Chamberlains Men
• Troupe became Kings Men in 1603

20
Biography

• Wrote and performed in plays
• Most widely-read playwright
• Also wrote poetry-sonnets

21
Shakespeares Plays

• Shakespeare wrote or collaborated on 39 plays
• Plays divided into three categories
• Comedies Midsummer Nights Dream, The Tempest,
  Measure for Measure
• TragediesRomeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Othello,
  Julius Caesar
• HistoriesRichard, Henry

22
Shakespeares Plays

• His plays remain popular today
• Have been made into films and other plays

SIngle click for audio clip gtgtgtgt
23
The Comedies

• Alls Well That Ends Well
• As You Like It
• The Comedy of Errors
• Cymbeline
• Loves Labors Lost
• Measure for Measure
• The Merchant of Venice

24
The Comedies

• The Merry Wives of Windsor
• A Midsummer Nights Dream
• Much Ado About Nothing
• Pericles
• The Taming of the Shrew
• The Tempest
• Troilus and Cressida

25
The Comedies

• Twelfth Night
• Two Gentlemen of Verona
• The Two Noble Kinsmen
• The Winters Tale

26
The Comedies

• Most popular include
• Alls Well That Ends Well
• The Merchant of Venice
• A Midsummer Nights Dream
• The Taming of the Shrew
• The Tempest

Single click for audio clip gtgtgtgt
27
The Comedies Themes

• Characteristics of the comedies include
• False/mistaken identities
• Toils of love and marriage
• Good versus Evil
• Songs written for comedies
• Only text exists

28
The Comedies

• Famous characters include
• Oberon and Titania (A Midsummer Nights Dream)
• Rosalind and Orlando (As You Like It)
• Petruchio and Katherine (Taming of the Shrew)

29
The Tragedies

• Antony and Cleopatra
• Coriolanus
• Hamlet
• Julius Caesar
• King Lear
• Macbeth

30
The Tragedies

• Othello
• Romeo and Juliet

• Timon of Athens
• Titus Andronicus

31
The Tragedies

• Most popular tragedies
• Hamlet
• Julius Caesar
• Macbeth
• Romeo and Juliet

Single click for audio clip gtgtgtgt
Single click for audio clip gtgtgtgt
32
The Tragedies Themes

• All Shakespearean tragedies protagonist falls
  from grace and dies
• Tragic hero, tragic flaw
• An unhappy ending

33
The Tragedies

• Usually many secondary characters die
• Mercutio and Tybalt (Romeo and Juliet)
• Polonius, Ophelia, King Claudius, Queen Gertrude,
  Laertes (Hamlet)
• Calpurnia, Portia, Cassius (Julius Caesar)

34
The Tragedies

• Protagonist is admirable but flawed
• Protagonist is capable of good and bad
• Famous tragic characters
• Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
• Macbeth, Thane of Glamis
• Marcus Brutus

35
The Histories

• King John
• Richard II
• Henry IV, Part I
• Henry IV, Part 2
• Henry V

36
The Histories

• Henry VI, Part 1
• Henry VI, Part 2
• Henry VI, Part 3
• Richard III
• Henry VIII

37
The Histories

• Easier to recognize than define
• Arose as patriotism formed in England
• Tied closely to real historical events

38
The Histories Themes

• All focus on tensions between public and private
  values
• Have character preoccupied with power
• Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra considered
  Roman histories

39
Shakespeares Poetry

• Wrote two narrative poems during plague years
• Dedicated to Earl of Southampton

40
Poetry

• Other narrative poems The Phoenix and the
  Turtle and A Lovers Complaint

• Sonnets are most well-known
• Form is fourteen lines of iambic pentameter

41
Poetry

• Published 154 sonnets
• First 17 thought written to young man
• Advises young man to marry, have a child

42
Poetry

• Sonnets 127-154 present the Dark Lady
• Woman presented as treacherous
• Speaker seems sexually obsessed with her

43
The Globe Theatre

• Theater associated with Shakespeare
• Built in London in 1599
• Owned by the Burbage brothers, Shakespeare and
  three others
• Theater had no roof
• Plays performed Daylight
• about 2hrs. Long
• Setting revealed in dialogue

44
The Globe Theatre

• The Heavens
• False ceiling over the stage
• Housed actors and costumes during bad weather
• Designed with trap doorsactors could fly
• Good for creating sound effects

45
The Globe Theatre

• Hell
• Trapdoors within the stage area (thought to be
  two)
• Used for special effects with actors
• Good for creating sound effects

46
The Globe Theatre

• Women prohibited from performing so who played
  the girls roles?
• Young men/
• Teens

47
The Globe Theatre

• Open to audiences during summer months
• Daytime performances only
• Audiences came from all classes
• Men and women attended performances

48
Globe

• Stage with limited props because would cut off
  part of stage
• Elaborate costumes were used
• If comedy playmust be very funny or if tragedy
  expected to be very bloody

49
The Globe Theatre

• Groundlings paid one cent to stand had to be
  entertained
• Gentry paid more for seats in galleriesclass/
  social ranking in higher balconies
• Nobles sat in chairs on side of stage

50
The Globe Theatre

• Style similar to Coliseum
• Sometimes used for gambling
• Closed due to plague

51
The Globe Theatre

• Flags used to indicate type of play
• Burned by cannonball landing on roof during Henry
  VIII
• Destroyed by Puritans
• Motto Totus mundus agit histrionem- All the
  world is a playhouse or All the worlds a
  stage (As You Like It)

52
Shakepeares Rhetorical Devices

• Repetition
• Parallelism
• Rhetorical Questions
• Irony all types especially verbal irony or
  sarcastic tone

53
Concluding Thoughts

• Enduring Globe
• Enduring Shakespeare
• He was not of an age, but for all time.

54
Shakespeares Last Days

• Retired to New Place in 1611
• Died in April 1616left his 2nd best bed to Anne,
  his wife
• Shakepeare is buried under a chancel in church at
  Stratford and his epitat reads Good friend for
  Jesus sake forebear to dig the dust enclosed
  here blessed be the man that spares these stones
  and cursed be he that moves my bones