Unit 1: Chemistry and Matter Ms. Knick HASD

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Unit 1 Chemistry and Matter Ms. KnickHASD
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Directions/Instrucciones

• Complete your note outline at your own pace. Do
  the activities!
• Complete su nota contorno a su propio ritmo.
  Las actividades!

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What is Chemistry?

• Chemistry is the study of the composition,
  structure, and properties of matter and the
  changes it undergoes

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6 Branches of Chemistry

• Organic Chemistry- The study of most carbon
  containing compounds.
• Example C6H12O6 (Sugar)

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6 Branches of Chemistry

• 2. Inorganic Chemistry- The study of all
  substances that do not contain carbon.
• Example H2O (Water)

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6 Branches of Chemistry

• 3. Physical Chemistry- the study of the
  properties, changes, and relationship between
  energy and matter

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6 Branches of Chemistry

1. Analytical chemistry- the identification of the
   components and composition of materials.

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6 Branches of Chemistry

• 5. Biochemistry- the study of substances and
  processes occurring in living things.
• Example Photosynthesis

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6 Branches of Chemistry

• 6. Theoretical Chemistry- the use of mathematics
  and computers to design and predict the
  properties of new compounds.

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Activity/Actividad 1

• Watch the video below by clicking the link. You
  may use your earphones, or ask Ms. Knick for
  earphones!
• Mira el vídeo a continuación , haga clic en
  el enlace. Usted puede usar sus auriculares,
  o pedir a la Sra Knick para auriculares!
• http//www.ck12.org/chemistry/Areas-of-Chemistry/l
  ecture/Five-Branches-of-Chemistry/?referrerfeatur
  ed_content

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Activity/Actividad 2

• Take the practice quiz below by clicking the
  link.
• Haga la prueba práctica a continuación,
  haga clic en el enlace.
• http//www.ck12.org/chemistry/Areas-of-Chemistry/a
  smtpractice/Areas-of-Chemistry-Practice

http//www.ck12.org/chemistry/Areas-of-Chemistry/
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Activity/Actividad 3

• When you have complete activity 1 and 2, find
  Ms. Knick for your homework assignment. You must
  begin the assignment in class. You may work with
  a partner who has completed activity 1 and 2.
• Cuando usted tiene la actividad completa 1
  y 2 , encontrar la Sra Knick por su tarea .
  Usted debe comenzar la tarea en clase. Usted
  puede trabajar con un socio que ha completado
  la actividad 1 y 2 .

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The Scientific Method

• 1. Observation
• 2. Formulate a Hypothesis
• 3. Experiment
• 4. State the results/theory

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Observation

• Acquiring information or data using your senses.
• Some observations are simple descriptions
• The soda pop is a liquid with a brown color and
  a sweet taste. Bubbles are seen floating up
  through it.
• Some observations compare a characteristic.
• A 240-mL serving of soda pop contains 27 g of
  sugar.

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Hypothesis

• Making an educated guess based on your
  observations and previous knowledge
• The sweetness of soda pop is due to the presence
  of
• Sugar or
• Aluminum

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Experiments

• Test your hypotheses
• with a taste test sugar and aluminum.

Theory

• State your experimental findings. This is not the
  same as a scientific law.
• Sugar is sweet

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Measuring with a Ruler
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Matter and Properties

• Mass is the measure of the amount of matter.
• Matter is anything that has mass and volume
  (occupies space).
• Examples You, me, your desk, air, smoke,
  water vapor.
• .

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Matter and Properties

• An atom is the smallest unit of an element that
  maintains the properties of that element.

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Pure Matter

• Two types
• 1. Elements
• 2. Compounds

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Pure Matter

• An element is a pure substance made of only one
  kind of atom. They are organized in the Periodic
  Table.
• A Compound is a substance that
  is made from the atoms of two or more
  elements that are chemically bonded.
• Example NaCl (two elements JOINED together)

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Impure Matter

• A mixture is impure matter
• A mixture is a blend of two or more kinds of
  matter, each of which retains its own identity
  and properties and can be separated physically.

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Mixtures

• Two types of mixtures
• 1. Heterogeneous
• 2. Homogeneous
• Homogeneous (also known as solutions) have
  uniform composition throughout. Examples
  air, sugar in water, stainless steel.
• Heterogeneous are not uniform. Examples
  granite, wood, blood.

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Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous
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Separation Techniques

• A mixture can be separated using physical means.
• Separation Techniques include using
• A magnet
• Evaporation
• Distillation
• Chromatography
• Centrifugation
• Separating Funnel

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ProblemYou obtain a mixture of iron, sand, salt
and water. Describe how each substance can be
separated using the separation techniques
discussed. You will use more than one
separation technique.
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Physical Properties

• Physical properties can be observed or measured
  without altering the identity of a material.
• Example color, texture, melting point, state of
  matter.

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3 states of matter

• Solids have definite shape and volume. Particles
  are packed closely together.
• Liquids have definite volume but, no shape
• 3. Gases have neither a definite
  volume nor definite shape.

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States of Matter
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Physical Changes

• Physical change is any change that does NOT
  result in a change in identity. Examples cutting
  wire, crushing a solid, gas expanding.
• Changes in state of matter is a
  physical change. Example melting, boiling,
  freezing.

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Chemical Properties

• Chemical Properties relates to a substances
  ability to undergo changes that alters its
  identity.
• Example a chemicals reactivity.

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Chemical Change

• Chemical change is when a substance is converted
  into different substance. Examples milk souring,
  leaves changing color in the fall.
• The process CANNOT be reversed.

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Signs of a Chemical Change

• 1. Color Change
• 2. Heat and/or light is produced
• 3. Bubbles form (gas)
• 4. A precipitate is produced
• (A precipitate is a solid)

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The Periodic Table

• Periodic table of elements is divided into small
  squares that have one element in each square.
• Elements have been named from
  their Latin meaning, places, famous
  scientists and from mythology.

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• Family or groups- vertical columns (18)
• Period- horizontal rows (7)
• Metals- ductile, malleable, lustrous, conduct
  heat and electricity, high tensile strength
• Nonmetals- brittle, dull, poor conductor
• Metalloids (also known as semi-metals)- have some
  characteristics of metals and nonmetals.