Where are all of the missing parents? Grandparentage analysis identifies reproductively successful residualized hatchery fish

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Where are all of the missing parents?
Grandparentage analysis identifies reproductively
successful residualized hatchery fish

• Mark Christie, Melanie Marine
• Michael Blouin

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Introduction

• Additional gene flow from hatchery to wild
• Unknown trout population
• 60 missing parents

J. McMillan
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Study system

• Complete sample of anadromous fish
• Hood River, winter run

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S
?
S Steelhead N Non-anadromous R Residual
hatchery
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Parentage
?
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Parentage procedure

• Correctly identify 1 true parent
• Ensure 2nd parent is truly missing
• Incorporated error rates
• Double check that missing parent was not
  incorrectly sexed

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Missing parents
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Missing parents
Broodyear NTotal NNo Father NNo Mother

1997-2002 3108 753 150







Ho NNo Father NNo Mother
p lt 0.001
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S
?
S Steelhead N Non-anadromous R Residual
hatchery
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Grandparentage results
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Grandparentage results
Percent assigned to hatchery broodstock
Offspring with missing fathers (N753)
5.2 to 12.88
Offspring with missing mothers (N150)
12.0 to 20.67
Total (N903)
6.3 to 14.17

Expected number false matches 0.003
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Reproductive Success
Anadromous
G-test of independence
p lt 0.03

Hatchery Hatchery Wild
Hatchery

Trout (Wild)
Resident
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Reproductive Success
Anadromous
G-test of independence
p 0.667

Hatchery Hatchery Wild
Hatchery 6 6 12

Trout (Wild) 57 57 91
Resident
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Age at spawning
97-98
96-97
95-96
94-95
00-01
99-00
98-99
02-03
01-02
08-09
07-08
06-07
05-06
03-04
04-05
09-10
Year broodstock grandparents spawned
Year hatchery residualized fish born
 
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Age at spawning
Mann-Whitney P lt 0.001
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Conclusions
Grandparentage is an effective tool
Residualized hatchery fish do reproduce
Hatchery residualized males and females
Trout populations are very important
28 Wild Steelhead have 1 trout and 1 anadromous
parent
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Acknowledgements
Hitoshi Araki, William Ardren, Kaitlin Bonner,
Becky Cooper, Lyle Curtis, Rod French, John
McMillan, Ivan Phillipsen, Catherine Searle, Jeff
Stephenson, Oregon State Center for Genome
Research and Biotechnology, ODFW staff, and
Bonneville Power Administration.
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Grandparentage results
         
Broodyear NPutative Lower Assigned Fpairs Pr(G) Upper Assigned
1997 224 10 4.46 0.0064 0.0005 27 12.05
1998 197 8 4.06 0.0080 0.0008 18 9.14
1999 92 6 6.52 0.0036 0.0005 18 19.57
2000 104 2 1.92 0.0054 0.0014 12 11.54
2001 87 7 8.05 0.0035 0.0005 13 14.94
2002 49 6 12.25 0.0014 0.0002 9 18.37
Total 753 39 5.18 0.0283 0.0039 97 12.88

             
Broodyear NPutative Lower Assigned Fpairs Pr(G) Upper Assigned
1997 32 4 12.5 0.00065 5.86E-08 7 21.88
1998 27 8 29.63 0.00051 4.90E-08 10 37.04
1999 26 3 11.54 0.00080 7.05E-08 5 19.23
2000 25 0 0 0.00056 4.86E-08 2 8.01
2001 24 2 8.33 0.00051 4.22E-08 5 20.83
2002 16 1 6.25 0.00029 3.33E-08 2 12.5
Total 150 18 12 0.00332 3.02E-07 31 20.67

Both Sexes
Total 903 57 6.31 0.00264 0.00033 128 14.17
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Missing parents
Broodyear NTotal NMother Fpairs Pr(f) NNo Father

1997-2002 3108 1420 4.45 0.023 753


Broodyear Ntotal NFather Fpairs Pr(f) NNo Mother

1997-2002 3108 851 3.03 0.020 150




Ho N N
p lt 0.001
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Study system

• Identification of hatchery residualized fish
• Hood River, winter run

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Grandparentage methods
No Parents or Broodstock Matrix
No Parents, Broodstock Matrix
1 Parent, Broodstock Matrix
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Broodyear NTotal NMother Fpairs Pr(f) NNo Father
1997 793 480 4.31 0.009 224
1998 670 288 2.48 0.009 197
1999 490 156 2.94 0.019 92
2000 465 197 7.20 0.037 104
2001 391 178 5.41 0.030 87
2002 299 121 4.53 0.037 49

Broodyear NTotal NFather Fpairs Pr(f) NNo Mother
1997 793 263 2.68 0.010 32
1998 670 103 1.15 0.011 27
1999 490 107 1.97 0.018 26
2000 465 142 4.93 0.035 25
2001 391 138 3.83 0.028 24
2002 299 98 3.91 0.040 16
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Grandparentage methods
Broodyear of Steelhead Expected Actual
w/ missing fathers false trios false trios
1997 1.66 2
1998 2.08 2
1999 0.94 1
2000 1.41 2
2001 0.9 0
2002 0.36 0
All years 7.35 7

Broodyear of Steelhead Expected Actual
w/ missing mothers false trios false trios
1997 0.17 0
1998 0.13 1
1999 0.21 0
2000 0.14 0
2001 0.13 0
2002 0.08 0
All years 0.86 1