Crane Safety on Construction Sites Supervision and Management of Crane Operations Standards, Regulations, Certifications

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Crane Safety on Construction SitesSupervision
and Management of Crane OperationsStandards,
Regulations, Certifications

• Presented by the Construction Institute of ASCE
• Funded by an OSHA
• Susan Harwood Training Grant

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Disclaimers

• This material was produced under grant
  SH-17794-08-60-F-51 from the Occupational Safety
  and Health Administration, U.S. Department of
  Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views
  and policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor
  does mention of trade names, commercial products,
  or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S.
  Government.
• This course is intended to provide general
  information to engineers and managers for use
  in identifying and addressing their responsibiliti
  es with respect to construction worksite
  safety. The program cannot possibly cover
  all safety issues that may be encountered at the
  construction worksite, and it is not a substitute
  for prudent judgment or professional expertise.
  It does not constitute legal advice. The
  information provided in this course should not be
  used without first securing competent advice with
  respect to its suitability for any general or
  specific application. ASCE and the Construction
  Institute disclaim all warranties regarding this
  course, whether implied, express or statutory,
  including without limitation, any implied
  warranty of merchantability, fitness for use, or
  fitness for a particular purpose. ASCE and the
  Construction Institute make no representation conc
  erning the accuracy, completeness, suitability,
  or utility of any information, apparatus,
  method, product, or process discussed in this
  course and assume no liability therefore.  Anyone
  utilizing the information provided in this
  course assumes all responsibility or liability
  arising from such use.

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Standards, Regulations, Certifications
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Standards, Regulations, Licensing

• OSHA (New SubPart N in the works!)
• ASME
• INTERNATIONAL
• GOVERNMENTAL
• INDIVIDUAL ORGANIZATIONS
• OPERATOR CERTIFICATION AGENCIES
• STATES
• CITIES
• LEGAL
• REFERENCES

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Standards

• American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B
  30.5
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
• Power Crane and Shovel Association Standard No. 2
  (PCSA)  

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ASME B.30 Equipment Listing

• B30.1 Jacks
• B30.2 Overhead and Gantry Cranes
• B30.3 Construction Tower Cranes
• B30.4 Portal, Tower, and Pedestal Cranes
• B30.5 Mobile and Locomotive Cranes
• B30.6 Derricks
• B30.7 Base Mounted Drum Hoists
• B30.8 Floating Cranes Floating Derricks
• B30.9 Slings
• B30.10 Hooks
• B30.11 Monorails and Underhung Cranes
• B30.12 Loads Suspended From Rotorcraft
• B30.13 Storage/Retrieval (S/R) Machines
• B30.14 Side Boom Tractors

B30.16 Overhead Hoists (Underhung) B30.17
Overhead and Gantry Cranes B30.18 Stacker Cranes
B30.19 Cableways B30.20 Below-the-Hook Lifting
Devices B30.21 Manually Lever Operated
Hoists B30.22 Articulating Boom Cranes B30.23
Personnel Lifting Systems B30.24 Container
Cranes1 B30.25 Scrap and Material Handlers B30.26
Rigging Hardware1 B30.27 Material Placement
Systems1 B30.28 Balance-Lifting Units1
1 B30.24, B30.26, B30.27 and B30.28 are in the
developmental stage.
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OSHA General Duty Clause

• The General Duty Clause of the United States
  Occupational Safety and Health Act states
• 29 U.S.C. 654, 5(a)1 Each employer shall
  furnish to each of his employees employment and a
  place of employment which are free from
  recognized hazards that are causing or are likely
  to cause death or serious physical harm to his
  employees. Each employee shall comply with
  occupational safety and health standards and all
  rules, regulations and orders issued pursuant to
  this Act which are applicable to his own actions
  and conduct.

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OSHA Construction Requirements

• Key Requirements of Subpart N, 29 CFR 1926.550
• The employer shall comply with the manufacturer's
  specifications and limitations applicable to the
  operation of any and all cranes and derricks.
  Where manufacturer's specifications are not
  available, the limitations assigned to the
  equipment shall be based on the determinations of
  a qualified engineer competent in this field and
  such determinations will be appropriately
  documented and recorded. Attachments used with
  cranes shall not exceed the capacity, rating, or
  scope recommended by the manufacturer.
• (2) Rated load capacities, and recommended
  operating speeds, special hazard warnings, or
  instruction, shall be conspicuously posted on all
  equipment. Instructions or warnings shall be
  visible to the operator while he is at his
  control station.
• (5) The employer shall designate a competent
  person who shall inspect all machinery and
  equipment prior to each use, and during use, to
  make sure it is in safe operating condition. Any
  deficiencies shall be repaired, or defective
  parts replaced, before continued use.
• (6) A thorough, annual inspection of the hoisting
  machinery shall be made by a competent person, or
  by a government or private agency recognized by
  the U.S. Department of Labor. The employer shall
  maintain a record of the dates and results of
  inspections for each hoisting machine and piece
  of equipment.

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OSHA Construction Industry

• Construction Industry (29 CFR 1926)
• 1926 Subpart N, Cranes, derricks, hoists,
  elevators, and conveyors
• 1926.550, Cranes and derricks
• 1926.551, Helicopters
• 1926.552, Material hoists, personnel hoists, and
  elevators
• 1926.553, Base-mounted drum hoists
• 1926.554, Overhead hoists
• 1926.555, Conveyors
• 1926.556, Aerial lifts

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Crane and Derrick (CDAC) Proposed Regulations

• The U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational
  Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) held a
  4-day public hearing on the proposed regulations
  March 17-20, 2009
• A copy of the proposed standard is available on
  OSHA's website at http//www.osha.gov/doc/proposed
  rule/Cranes_Derricks_Proposed_Rule.html
• The cranes and derricks proposed rule would apply
  to the estimated 96,000 construction cranes in
  the U.S., including 2,000 tower cranes. The
  proposed standard addresses key safety issues
  associated with cranes, including
• ground conditions
• the assembly and disassembly of cranes
• the operation of cranes near power lines
• the certification and training of crane operators
  
• the use of safety devices and signals
• and inspections of cranes
• multipurpose machines (i.e. forklifts) when
  configured as a crane will fall under OSHA
  regulations.

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Crane and Derrick (CDAC) Proposed Regulations

• Significantly updates existing tower crane
  requirements and more comprehensively addresses
  tower crane safety, with respect both to erecting
  and dismantling, and to crane operations.
• The proposed standard would establish four
  options for the qualification or certification of
  crane operators
• certification through an accredited third-party
  testing organization
• qualification through an audited employer testing
  program
• qualification issued by the U.S. military and
• qualification by a state or local licensing
  authority.

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Mobile Crane Inspection Guidelines

• Cranes are designed for both general use and for
  specific purposes. Similar to the vast automobile
  industry, crane manufacturers produce similar
  models or types of cranes for the same purpose,
  often with different sizes of the same model of
  crane. Each type, model, or size of crane
  manufactured, may have different operating
  controls and require specialized operator
  training, individualized inspection criteria, and
  different preventive maintenance schedules.

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International Standards

• German DIN
• CEN
• FEM
• England
• Australia
• EN

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Governmental Standards

• Naval Facilities Command (NAVFAC)
• Department of Energy (DOE)
• US Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE)

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Corporate Standards

• Petrochemical
• Exxon
• Conoco Phillips
• Construction companies-
• Bechtel
• Fluor
• Shaw
• Zachary

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Individual Entities

• Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

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Standards of Jurisdictions

• Most of the 24 states, Puerto Rico, and Virgin
  Islands that operate their own
• safety and health programs for private or public
  sector workers have adopted
• OSHAs standards. Some have developed their own
  regulations concerning
• specific hazards in certain industries. For
  example, according to OSHAs 2001 report on
  state-plan activities
• Oregon requires certification for operators of
  cranes that are five tons or more.
• The California Division of Occupational Safety
  and Health (DOSH) inspects tower cranes ... twice
  a year. DOSH must be notified 24 hours in advance
  whenever a tower crane begins operation, is
  climbed or dismantled and when a mobile tower
  crane begins operation. Subsequently, California
  required certification of crane operators and
  made other changes to its standard.
• Hawaii, Nevada and New Mexico among others also
  are identified by OSHA in its 2001 report as
  being among state-plan states having their own
  crane regulations. Both Hawaii and New Mexico
  require that hoist machine operators be
  certified, for example.

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Local Licensure of Crane Operators

• 16 states and 6 cities have licensing
  requirements for crane operators. Administrative
  procedures change periodically please ensure you
  contact the appropriate authority to ensure you
  have the latest information. 

STATES STATES CITIES
California Connecticut Chicago
Hawaii Massachusetts Los Angeles
Minnesota Montana New Orleans
Nevada New Jersey New York City
New Mexico New York Omaha
Oregon Pennsylvania Washington D.C.
Rhode Island Utah
Washington (2010) West Virginia
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Certifications

• Crane Operators
• National Council for the Certification of Crane
  Operators (NCCCO)
• Crane Institute Certification (CIC)
• Signalmen (NCCCO)
• Riggers (NCCCO)
• In-House Training

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Signal Persons (proposed)

• Under proposed section 1926.1428, signal persons
  qualifications, the employer has two methods to
  ensure the competence of these individuals
• (1) the signal person would have documentation
  from a third party qualified evaluator showing
  that the evaluator had determined that the signal
  person meets the sections requirements, and
• (2) an employers own qualified evaluator would
  have determined that a signal person meets the
  qualifications requirements.

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NCCCO Certification Overview

• National Commission for the Certification of
  Crane Operators
• NCCCO currently administers certification
  programs for operators of mobile cranes, tower
  cranes and overhead cranes.
• Complete description of the crane examinations
  and application process, and handbooks can be
  downloaded from the website http//www.nccco.org/.
  
• To ensure CCO examinations are psychometrically
  sound, fair and effective measurements of a crane
  operator's knowledge and skills, NCCCO teams the
  expertise of its subject matter experts with one
  of the nation's leading professional
  credentialing organizations, International
  Assessment Institute (IAI).

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NCCCO Certification Overview

• NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE CERTIFICATION OF
  CRANE OPERATORS
• NCCCO certification is designed to assure both
  industry and the general public that Operators
  are skilled and knowledgeable.
• Features of the NCCCO program are that it is
• national in scope
• operated by the private sector
• independent of labor relations policies
• tailored to different types of cranes
• designed so certifications must be renewed every
  5 years
• tested in three parts medical, written, and
  practical
• accredited by nationally recognized professional
  credentialing authorities (NCCA and NSSB)
• officially recognized by Federal OSHA.