DNA and Genes - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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DNA and Genes

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DNA and Genes Prokaryotes VS Eukaryotes Prokaryotes: no defined nucleus and a simplified internal structure Eukaryotes: membrane limited nucleus and complicated ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: DNA and Genes


1
DNA and Genes
2
Prokaryotes VS Eukaryotes
  • Prokaryotes no defined nucleus and a simplified
    internal structure
  • Eukaryotes membrane limited nucleus and
    complicated internal structure

3
  • Genetic material is located in nucleus
  • The genetic information is stored in
    Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA
  • DNA contains the information needed to build an
    individual

4
What is DNA needed for?
  • Genetic information is
  • copied from DNA and
  • converted to protein
  • RNA molecules work as messengers that carry the
    info to the ribosomes.
  • Proteins are the biological workers.

5
DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid)
  • DNA is two long chains of Nucleotides
  • A Nucleotide consists of
  • A phosphate Group
  • A five carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
  • A Nitrogenous Base

6
DNA
  • The sides of the DNA strand are the connection of
    the Phosphates to the Sugars.
  • Each Phosphate is connected to deoxyribose by a
    covalent bond.

7
DNA
  • There are four bases that make up the rungs of
    the ladder
  • Adenine
  • Guanine
  • Cytosine
  • Thymine

8
Four bases...Each of the four bases has a
specific shape.
  • Purine bases
  • Adenine and Guanine
  • Two carbon rings
  • Pyrimidine bases
  • Thymine and Cytosine
  • A single carbon ring

A two carbon ring can only attach to a single
carbon ring.
9
DNA
  • Each base pair is held together by a hydrogen a
    couple of hydrogen bonds.

10
Base Pairing Rule
  • Adenine only pairs with Thymine and Cytosine only
    pairs with Guanine.
  • They are called complimentary base pairs.

11
DNA Molecules
  • Two polynucleotide chains are joined
  • Double helix, twisted in right handed way
  • Full circle in every 10 bases

12
The Genetic Code
  • Describes how nucleotide sequence is converted to
    protein sequence
  • Unit of three nucleotides a codon
  • A codon codes for a specific amino acid
    (structural component of protein)

13
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