Food System Characterization in RTB Basin, Nepal (IGP Site 3)

1
Six Geographical Regions
Study Area
2
(No Transcript)
3
Geographic area and distribution (in
hectare)
District Area (km2) Elevation (m amsl) Mid-mountains Shiwalik Tarai
Nawalparasi 2162 91 - 1936 32235 124114 45265
Pupandehi 1360 100 - 1350 1629 19725 119996
Kapilvastu 1738 100 - 185 - 28412 147282
Total 5260 32757 172251 312543
Per cent 6.53 33.21 60.26
4
LANDUSE
Agriculture Forest Grassland Others
50.4 44.7 1.2 3.6
District Landuse
5
Irrigated Area
Agricultural land (ha) Cultivation Cultivation Cultivation
Agricultural land (ha) Cultivated Area (ha) Cultivated Area (ha) Non Cultivated (ha)
261,903 238,305 (91) 238,305 (91) 23,598 (9)
261,903 Irrigated Unirrigated 23,598 (9)
261,903 60 40 23,598 (9)
6
Land type
Total Area (ha) Total parcel Total tenant Land owners        
Total Area (ha) Total parcel Total tenant Land owners Abal Doyam Seem Chahar
256468 1105027 70142 96562 43445 98716 25283 349
Wetland classification Wetland classification Wetland classification Wetland classification (25.8) (58.8) (15) (0.2)
Dry land classification Dry land classification Dry land classification Dry land classification 34382 1074 2291 734  
Dry land classification Dry land classification Dry land classification Dry land classification (89.3) (0.02) (6) (4)  
7
Soil type of agriculture land
8
Rainfall and Temperature
Districts Average ( 0C ) Average ( 0C ) Days with Max 300 Annual rain fall Intensity 24 hours Rainy days
Districts Max Min Days with Max 300 Annual rain fall Intensity 24 hours Rainy days
Nawalparasi 30.5 18.6 216 2317 102 - 269 99
Rupendehi 30.7 18.5 226 1868 82 - 252 80
Kapilvastu 31.3 18.2 237 1950 92 - 237 81
9
Area and Population
District Area (Sq. km.) HH size Male Female Total population Pop. density Sex ratio
Nawalparasi 2,162 5.72 278,257 284,613 562,870 260 11.02
Rupandehi 1,360 6.01 360,773 347,646 708,419 521 10.96
Kapilvastu 1,738 6.61 247,875 234,101 481,976 277 10.94
Total 5,260 6.06 886,905 866,360 1,753,265 333
10
Landholding
Holding size (Ha) hh hh
lt0.1 7.4 lt 0.5 43.2
0.1 - lt0.2 10 lt 0.5 43.2
0.2 - lt0.5 25.8 lt 0.5 43.2
0.5 - lt1 25.8
1 - lt2 20.6 gt 1 30.76
2 - lt3 5.86 gt 1 30.76
3 and above 4.3 gt 1 30.76
11
Households having
Land Only 13.3
Livestock Only 2.7
Poultry Only 0.8
Land livestock 37.8
Land poultry 2.0
Livestock poultry 1.3
All three 25.3
None of three 16.9
12
Household with Small Scale Non-agriculture
Activities
HH with economic activities Type of activities Type of activities Type of activities Type of activities Type of activities
HH with economic activities Manufacturing Trade Transport Services Others
21 5.6 31.7 3.3 31.4 27.7
13
Infrastructure
District Road density (km/100 km2) Road density (km/100 km2) Electrified village/mun icipality Telephone Connection Credit Institutions
District Seasonal Annual Electrified village/mun icipality Telephone Connection Credit Institutions
Nawalparsi 5.04 6.5 45 4200 9
Rupandehi 10.88 11.2 54 21642 12
Kapilvastu 10.82 8.51 50 2136 8
14
Other indicators
Base Nawal Rupan Kapil
Per capita income USD 240 249 206
Literacy pop 46.9 62.2 35.8
Drinking water coverage hh 80 86.5 79.9
LSU Per hh 1.75 1.75 1.75
Poverty ranking 4 - 74 38 33 28
15
Primary production
Land Ownership
Total tenants Land owners
70142 (43) 96562 (57)
National average 40
16
Primary production
Source of livelihood
Major crop
Paddy Maize Wheat Millet Other
98 0.5 1.5
17
Primary production
Seed used
18
Primary production
Source of hybrid seeds
19
Primary production
Managing local seeds
20
Primary production
Fertilizer use
21
Primary production
Fertilizer source
22
Primary production
Chemical fertilizer distribution
23
Primary production
Production trend
24
Primary production
Food sufficiency
25
Place of selling surplus
26
Processing and packaging
Activities

• Raw material from local market
• No secondary product is sold by farmers
• Profit is trader based
• 128 food processing industries (rice, oil, flour
  mills biscuits, noodles, pulses, dalmoth, bread
  etc.)

27
Processing and packaging
Determinants

• No government regulation
• Adequate roads for transportation
• Technology is primitive at the village level, but
  modern in the mills
• Consumer demand is mostly for unprocessed food

28
Distribution and Retailers

• Government policy ineffective due to falling
  surplus
• Trade pattern more export
• Food Corporation distributes food
• Food For Work is also implemented
• Population distribution is fairly uniform
  (villages within few kilometers)

29
Distribution
Import and export
30
Labor
Farm labor
Family Labor Family Labor Parma
12.3 15.8 26.4 11.3
Land preparation
Ox Tractor Human labor
52 37 9
31
Arsenic exposure
Health
Of Arsenic Exposed Households Of Arsenic Exposed Households Of Arsenic Exposed Households
WHO guidelines (10 ppb) Nepal Interim Standard (50 ppb)
Nawalparasi 21.3 34.9
Rupandehi 6.2 4
Kapilvastu 5 6.9
32
Health
Diseases Reported cases
Major cases reported Visitors Percent of sick people
0PD 596,000 34
Ear 26,000 1.5
Eye 18,000 1.1
Bronchitis 24,000 1.4
Gastritis 32,000 1.9
Abdominal pain 16,000 0.9
Skin 103,000 5.9
33
Preference
Dietary habit
Vegetarian Non-vegetarian Frequency of meat consumption
8.8 91.2 2-3 times a month. 1.5 kg of goat meat at a time
8.8 91.2
34
Preference
Food preference
Cereal Cereal Pulses Pulses Pulses Pulses
Rice Wheat Black gram Lintel Arhar Other
99 1 2 64.5 26.6 6.6
Daily Meals
2 times 2 times 2 times 3 times 3 times 3 times
Male Female Children Male Female Children
89 88 8 11 12 92
35
Preference
Vegetable consumption
Green vegetables Preserved vegetables (Gundruk, Masuera) Others
30.1 1.7 68.2
Other vegetables include Potato, Onion, Beans etc.
36
Preference
Source of Vegetable
Own farm Market Both
9.7 32.4 57.9
Market place
Neighborhood Local Market Others
2.9 88.9 8.2
37
Preference
Tiffin (snacks)
YES YES NO
Percentage of HH 78.5 78.5 21.5
Who eats what ? Home made Commercial 21.5
Who eats what ? 87 13 21.5
Preference 82.6 17.4 21.5
38
Preference
Fruit consumption
Daily Weekly Fortnightly Sick period Festival
6.2 30 37.6 11.7 14.5
39
Availability
Cereals Production
Average (Kg/hh) Maximum (Kg)
Paddy 2,308 45,000
Wheat 567 15,000
Maize 186 1,040
Millet 500 1,040
Other 150 200
40
Availability
Pulses Production
Average (Kg/hh) Maximum (Kg)
Black gram 12.6 50
Lentil 75 500
Arhar 26 200
Horse gram / peas 46 500
41
Availability
Vegetable Production
Average (Kg/hh) Maximum (Kg)
Potato 187 1,000
Onion 59 800
Cauliflower 79 1,000
Tomato 44 700
Green vegetable 43 500
Gourds 152 10,000
42
Availability
Oil seeds Production
Average (Kg/hh) Maximum (Kg)
Mustard 78 700
Sunflower 73 150
Sarso 64 500
Til 10 22
Others 17 50
43
Availability
Fruits Production
Average (Kg/hh) Maximum (Kg)
Banana 73 500
Lichi 31 100
Mango 151 700
Pineapples 217 2500
Others 53 400
44
Availability
Crop wise production trend ( hh)
Paddy Paddy Wheat Wheat Maize Maize Pulses Pulses Vegetables Vegetables
Down Up Down Up Down Up Down Up Down Up
74.8 25.2 77 23 90 10 83.6 16.4 80 20
45
Distribution
Food Sufficiency
46
Distribution
Food Insufficiency Period
Source Months 1-3 4-6 7-9 10-12
Survey hh 15.9 31.7 17.1 35.4
Government 22.12 43.45 15.3 18.96
Surplus food
Stored at home Sold in the market
21.8 78.4
47
Distribution
Preference to store
Sale Store Both
hh 3.51 85.15 11.32
48
Distribution
Storage facility
Crop Traditional storage Modern storage Use of insecticide Use of insecticide
Crop Traditional storage Modern storage Home made Chemical From market
Paddy 98 2 66 34
Wheat 97 3 53 47
Maize 94 1 1 -
Millet 100 - - -
B. gram 95 5 5 -
Lentil 96 4 6.5 10
Arhar 93 8 8 4
H.gram 100 - - -
Others 100 - 7 12
Potato 99 1 3 -
Onion 98 2 2 2
49
Distribution
Storage of major seeds at home ( hh)
Crop Traditional storage Modern storage Use of insecticide Use of insecticide
Crop Traditional storage Modern storage Yes No
Paddy 97 3 37 63
Wheat 98 2 54 46
Maize 100 - - 100
Potato 89 11 7 93
Other seeds 100 - 30 70
50
Distribution
Household reporting immediate sale
Immediate sale Paying debt Lack of storage Good market price To be on the safe side
40 20 10 15 55
Neighborhood Local Market Big market Others
26 13.7 35.6 24.7
51
Distribution
Coping food deficit (Ministry)
Meeting food with wage earning Meeting food with wage earning Meeting food with wage earning Burrow Others
Within district Outside district Outside Nepal Burrow Others
90,727 11,301 13,063 9,242 8,808
72.63 9.05 10.46 7.4 7.05
Survey
Production income Wage labor Service Burrow Other
1.9 52.9 29.9 1.3 14
52
Reason for low production
Limit ed land Low productivity Poor irrigation Limited fertilizer Scarce seed Large family Others
45 4.2 20.2 7.1 2.9 13 7.6

60
23.3
------6.7------
Cash crop 10.0
According to the Ag. Ministry
53
Flood and soil erosion impact
Holdings Area (ha) Land made uncultivable due to flood/soil erosion Land made uncultivable due to flood/soil erosion
Holdings Area (ha) No. of holdings reporting Area (ha)
224,420 206,978 19,297 4,896
224,420 206,978 8.6 2.4
54
Exchange
Food export and import into the villages
Import Import Import Export Export Export
Total Local India Total Local India
Cereal 1833 1120 713 38 4664 4534 130 3
Vegetable 1921 1151 764 40 66 63.5 2.7 4
Fruit 311 161 150.25 48 86 86 Nominal
Oil/ghiu 235 112 122.7 52 17 16.55 0
Pulses, 4.5 mt exported, 49.5 mt imported
55
Exchange
Mode of Payment
Service Respondent Cash Cash Cash Respondent Goods Goods
Service Respondent Immediate Credit Both Respondent Immediate Credit
Cart 10 90 10 - 12 100 -
Tractor 137 85 12 3 13 8 92
56
Affordability

• Pricing policy Ineffective committee, market
  based
• Seasonal variation Difficult in rainy season
• Food preparation Simple, affordable

57
Distribution and retailers
Allocation

• Transport Bicycle, Rikshaw, Jeep, Bus
• Advertising (radio) Some impact
• Delivery to consumers Commercial food by
  retailers
• Haat bazar Main source of market
• Pricing Fixed by traders