A Point Can Be Defined By

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Roommates
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Conclusion

• What we want
• What we get
• What works

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Applying the Interpersonal Circumplex to the
Behavior of Children

• Can a circle be used to model the behavior of
  children?
• Can a circle predict important childhood
  experiences?

Markey, Markey, Tinsley, 2005
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Method

• Participates
• 117 preadolescent children
• 52 girls, and 65 boys
• All were in the 4th grade (M 9.88).
• Each child was videotaped interacting with his or
  her parent(s).

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Coding Behaviors

• For each interaction, 64 social behaviors were
  coded by two different judges using a Revised
  version of the RBQ
• Judges only watched the first 5 minutes
• e.g., Speaks quickly
• Displays ambition
• Offers advice

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Coding Behaviors

• Three RBQ items were then used to define each
  octant.

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Aim 1

• Do the behaviors of children occur in a manner
  predicted by the interpersonal circumplex?

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Aim 1

• Kids CI .97, p lt.00001
• Adult self-repot CI .97
• Adult other-report .93
• Adults BQ .84

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Aim 2

• Does the interpersonal circumplex predict
  important childhood experiences?

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Method

• One year after study 1 children were asked to
  complete the Risk Behavior Assessment
• 94 completed the assessment (M 10.87 years)

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Method

• Asked if they had participated in the following
  behaviors
• Smoked a cigarette (9 had)
• Consumed alcohol (22 had)

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Conclusion

• Do the behaviors of children occur in a manner
  predicted by the interpersonal circumplex?

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Conclusion

• Do the behaviors of children occur in a manner
  predicted by the interpersonal circumplex?
• Yes the pattern of childrens behaviors are
  strongly related to the IC

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Conclusion

• Does the interpersonal circumplex predict
  important childhood experiences?
• Yes longitudinally predicts both smoking and
  alcohol consumption

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Internet Love
All 28-year-old Trevor Tasker wanted to do was
fly to South Carolina, meet up with his Internet
love and get married. Instead, he finds himself
still single. It turns out the 30-something
woman he met and wooed over the Internet is
really
Associated Press (2000)
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Internet Love
a 65-year-old woman jailed earlier this month
after authorities found the body of her former
roommate in a freezer at her home.
Associated Press (2000)
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Internet Use

• In the United States, over 100 million people
  have access to the Internet
• Frequent uses of the Internet
• Conduct business
• Keep in touch with friends
• Seek emotional support
• Search for romantic partners

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Cyberspace Culture(Markey, Wells, Markey,
2001 2003)

• Affords the opportunity to be completely
  anonymous
• Physical appearances and non-verbal cues are
  virtually non-existent

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Cyberspace Culture(Markey, Wells, Markey,
2001 2003)

• Humans are still responsible for sending and
  producing the text that others read
• Traditional methods and models of personality and
  social psychology should continue to find support
  in this medium (Markey, 2000, Markey et al.,
  2001 2003)

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Participants

• One-on-One Condition
• 84 participants
• 71 female 29 male
• Group Condition
• 72 participants
• 72 female 28 male

Markey Wells, 2002
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The Five-Factor Model of Personality
Extraversion sociability, excitement-seeking,
assertiveness Agreeableness altruism,
friendliness, kindness Conscientiousness
organization, responsibility, planfulness Neuroti
cism anxiety, hostility, depression Openness
aesthetic sense, curiosity, intellect
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One-on-One Condition

• Participants were run in groups of six
• Three participants in Room A
• Three participants in Room B

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One-on-One Condition

• Each participant in Room A interacted with each
  participant in Room B
• Each dyadic interaction lasted 15 minutes
• Participants were allowed to discuss anything

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hey whats up Hi do your finger tips hurt yet?
) no im just really tire what about you Not much
going on here. I feel like a caged animal here
behind that curtain do you chat on line a lot No,
this is my first time. Im really slow with
typing so forgive me. its okay but this is
basically what it is like to chat online Is
it? except you have a lot of guys ask you to have
cyber sex with them
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One-on-One Condition

• Participants rated their interaction partners
  using the Five-Factor Model of personality and a
  measure of likeability

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Group Condition

• Participants were run in groups of six
• Three participants in room A
• Three participants in room B
• All six participants interacted in a single chat
  room for 15 minutes

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Group Condition
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Examining Personality Judgments

• Assimilation - Does the same judge tend to see
  different targets the same way?
• Consensus - Do different judges tend to see the
  same target in similar ways?

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Assimilation
.46
.38
.30
.29
.26
.21
.18
.14
.14
.00
p lt .05 One-on-One df 13 Group df 11
Extraversion
Conscientious
Neuroticism
Openness
Agreeableness
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Consensus
.23
.18
.16
.13
.11
.04
.01
.00
.00
.00
p lt .05 One-on-One df 13 Group df 11
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Conscientious
Neuroticism
Openness
37
Self-Other Agreement
p lt .05
38
Likeability
p lt .05
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Conclusions

• Accurate personality perception is possible in
  Internet chat rooms
• One-on-one interactions
• Extraversion and openness to experience
• However, personality does not strongly predict
  who is liked the most in chat rooms
• Experience is the best predictor

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The Last Chapter!!
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Personality

• An individual's characteristic patterns of
  thought, emotion, and behavior

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How can you figure out WHO a person is?

• Ask the person (S data)
• Ask others about the person (I data)
• Look at the persons life (L data)
• Look at what the person does (B data)
• BLIS

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A more structured way to find out who a person
is

• Standardized Tests!
• Rational Method
• Projective Tests
• Factor Analytic Method
• Empirical Method
• Combination of Methods

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First Question I asked

• What do we know when we know a person?

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Basic Approaches

• Trait Approach
• The Single-Trait Approach
• e.g., authoritarinsim, self-monitoring, etc.
• The Many-Trait Approach
• e.g., CAQ
• The Essential-Trait Approach
• e.g., The Big Five
• The Simultaneous-Trait Approach
• e.g., circumplex, sphere

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Basic Approaches

• Biological / Evolutionary Approach
• Behavior Genetics
• Twin Studies
• Evolutionary Psychology
• The blind watchmaker
• Jealousy
• Attraction
• Exotic becomes erotic

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Basic Approaches

• Psychoanalytic Approach
• Freud
• Psychosexual development
• Parts of the mind
• Defense mechanisms
• Subliminal Messages
• Slips of the tongue
• Humor

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Basic Approaches

• Psychoanalytic Approach
• Neo Freudians
• Carl Jung
• Collective UCS, Archetypes, Dreams
• Alfred Adler
• Striving for superiority, Birth order
• Karen Horney
• Basic anxiety, Coping with anxiety (moving
  toward, away, against)
• Erik Erickson
• Development across the lifespan

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Basic Approaches

• Phenomenological Approach
• Philosophical roots
• Free will, awareness, meaning
• Carl Rogers
• Self-Actualization, Conditions of worth
• Abraham Maslow
• Hierarcy or Needs, Self-Actualization and Flow
• George Kelly
• Constructs and perceptions

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Basic Approaches

• Behaviorism
• Philosophical roots
• Empericism, Associationism, Hedonism
• Habituation
• Classical Conditioning
• Operent Conditioning

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Basic Approaches

• Social Learning Theory
• Dollard and Miller
• Habit Hierarchy, Approach-Avoidance Conflict,
  Defense Mechanisms
• Rotter
• BP, Expectancy, Locus of Control, RV
• Bandura
• Efficacy, Observational Learning, Reciprocal
  Determinism

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Basic Approaches

• Cognitive Approach
• Perceptual processes
• Priming, aggression, rejection sensitivity
• Self processes
• Self-schemas
• Strategic and motivational processes
• Optimistic vs. pessimistic, Nomothetic Goals,
  Idiographic Goals

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First Question I asked

• What do we know when we know a person?
• Each approach presents a different way to think
  about personality.
• Each approach asks and answers different
  questions.
• You must decide which approach is most valid!
• This is what makes PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY fun!