Islam-Submission to Allah

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ISLAM Submission to the Will of Allah
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The Judeo-Christian Foundations of Islam
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Islam?An Abrahamic Religion

• Muslims are strict monotheists.
• They believe in the Judeo- Christian God,
  which they call Allah.
• Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible,
  like the Quran, are the word of God.

Peoples of the Book
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Abrahams Genealogy
ABRAHAM
SARAH
HAGAR
Isaac
Ishmael
12 Arabian Tribes
Esau
Jacob
12 Tribes of Israel
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The Prophetic Tradition
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad
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The Qur'an God's Last Revelation
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The Origins of the Quran

• Muhammad Founder of Islam, once a wealthy
  Meccan merchant.
• Received his first revelation from the angel
  Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610.
• 622 ? Muhammad flees Mecca for Medina after he
  called for Arabs to abandon their pagan idols and
  worship god.
• Meccan merchants feared he would kill their
  business and therefore threatened to kill
  Muhammad instead. The beginning of the
  Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)

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• Muhammad converted many in Medina, raising an
  army of loyal Muslim followers.
• 630 After defeating the Meccan merchants,
  Muhammad returned to Mecca triumphantly.
• Began building an Islamic empire.
• 632 Muhammad dies without naming a successor.

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Leadership After Muhammad

• Caliph
• Leader of a Community of Muslims.
• Shiite
• Muslims who believe that Muhammad named his
  son-in-law Ali to be his successor. Therefore
  all Caliphs must descend from Ali.
• Sunni
• Muslims who believe that any good Muslim can be a
  Caliph.

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The Quran

• Muslims believe it contains the word of God.
• 114 suras (chapters).
• Written in Arabic.

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The Five Pillars of Islam
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1. The Shahada

• The declaration of faith

There is no god worthy of worship except God
(Allah), andMuhammad is HisMessenger or
Prophet.
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2. The Salat

• The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a
  day dawn noon late
  afternoon sunset before going
  to bed
• Wash before praying.
• Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.

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2. The Salat

• The call to prayer is given by the muezzin from
  the minaret.
• Pray in the mosque on Friday.

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3. The Zakat

• Almsgiving (charitable donations).
• Muslims believe that all things belong to
  God.
• Zakat means both purification and growth.
• About 2.5 of your income.

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4. The Sawm

• Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.
• Considered a method of self- purification.
• No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset
  during Ramadan.

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5. The Hajj

• The pilgrimage to Mecca.
• Must be done at least once in a Muslims
  lifetime.
• 2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage
  every year.

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5. The Hajj

• Those who complete the pilgrimage can add
  the title hajji to their name.

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The Dar al-Islam
The Worldof Islam
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The Mosque

• The Muslim place of worship.

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The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem
Mount Moriah Rockwhere Muhammad ascended into
heaven. Believed to be the rock where Abraham was
going to sacrifice his son Isaac.
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The Kaaba

• Most holy temple in Islam.
• Muhammad believed it had been built by Abraham to
  worship God.
• Once had been filled with pagan idols. Muhammad
  cleared it upon his return to Mecca.
• Muslims pray towards the Kaaba and take the Hajj
  to pray at the Kaaba.

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Other Islamic Religious Practices

• Up to four wives allowed at once.
• No alcohol or pork.
• No gambling.
• Sharia law ? body of Islamic law to regulate
  daily living.
• Three holiest cities in Islam Mecca,
  Medina, Jerusalem.

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Essential Question
Why was Islam able to spread so quickly and
convert so many to the new religion?
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The Spread of Islam

• Easy to learn and practice.
• No priesthood.
• Teaches equality.
• Non-Muslims, who were Peoples of the Book,
  were allowed religious freedom, but paid
  additional taxes.
• Easily portable ? nomads trade routes.
• Jihad (Holy War) against pagans and other
  non-believers (infidels).

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Countries with the Largest Muslim Population
1. Indonesia 183,000,000 6. Iran 62,000,000
2. Pakistan 134,000,000 7. Egypt 59,000,000
3. India 121,000,000 8. Nigeria 53,000,000
4. Bangladesh 114,000,000 9. Algeria 31,000,000
5. Turkey 66,000,000 10. Morocco 29,000,000
Arabs make up only 20 of the total Muslim
population of the world.
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Muslims in the WorldToday
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The Mongols and Genghis Khan
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Genghis Khan
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Kublai Khan(Grandson of Genghis)
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The Pax Mongolica(Mongol Peace)

• Under Mongol control, trade flourished throughout
  Eurasia.
• The old trade networks were revived and travel
  through these networks was considered to be very
  safe.

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Marco Polo
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How did Marco Polos journey help inspire
Europeans to think Globally?

• Marco Polos accounts of his adventures through
  Eurasia, revealed how advanced and luxurious the
  east had become. These accounts aroused
  Europeans curiosity about the east and created a
  desire for the luxuries he had described.

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The Gunpowder Empires(1450-1650)
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Gunpowder Empires

• Empires which arose in Islamic Eurasia, which
  possessed new technology (cannons, muskets, etc.)
  which helped them control large and diverse
  empires with a powerful central government.

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3 Main Gunpowder Empires

• The Ottoman Empire
• The Safavid Empire
• The Mughal (Moghal) Empire

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The Ottomans

• Turkish nomadic people from Central Asia (like
  the Seljuk Turks).
• Expanded through Asia Minor.
• 1453 Used cannons to blast holes in
  Constantinoples defenses and captured it,
  renaming it Istanbul.

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The Janizaries
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The Ottoman Empire

• The Ottomans established an empire which would
  last off and on through World War I (1918).
• Adopted Sunni Islam as their religious an
  government (Sharia law) organization.
• Very tolerant of the many religious groups within
  their empire. (Jews, Christians, etc.)
• Controlled the link between European and Asian
  trade.

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The Safavid Empire (Early 1500s 1722)

• Controlled much of the old Persian empire.
  (modern day Iran)
• Sandwiched between the other two Gunpowder
  empires.
• Also Muslim, but Shiites.
• Led to conflicts between them and their Ottoman
  Sunni neighbors.

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Controlled the highly demanded silk trade.
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• Non tolerance of other religions led to
  rebellions which would eventually end the Safavid
  empire.
• However, Iran is still a strongly Shiite
  controlled nation.

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The Mughal Empire(1526-1857)

• Modern day India, Pakistan, and parts of
  Afghanistan.
• Muslim armies had moved into the Indus Valley in
  AD 711.
• Established Muslim Sultanates. (Sultans are
  Muslim rulers)

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Muslim and Hindus Clash

• Obvious differences between Hindus and Muslims
  led to religious clashes.
• However, many Hindus converted to Islam to escape
  the caste system.
• 1526 Muslim Mongol and Turkish armies moved in
  and established the Mughal Empire. (Mughal
  Persian for Mongol).
• Mughal leaders now controlled the lucrative and
  important Indian trade.

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1947 - Pakistan is created due to tensions
between Muslims and Hindus. 1971 Civil War turns
east Pakistan into Bangladesh.
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Overarching Question??

• How did the establishment of the Islamic
  Gunpowder Empires effect Europeans?
• These new and powerful empires controlled all of
  the key overland trade routes from Asia to
  Europe.
• The Ottomans controlled the ends of the routes.
• The Safavids controlled the Silk road and thus
  the Silk trade.
• The Mughals controlled the important Indian trade.