Chapter 14 Section 3

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Chapter 14Section 3

• A Creative
• Era

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The Emergence of Jazz

• The 1920s is often called the Jazz Age because
  jazz music gained wide popularity during this
  time
• Jazz originated among African Americans in the
  South
• Early jazz musicians also experimented with
  another form of African American music called the
  blues
• The blues grew out of a long history of slave
  music and religious spirituals with heartfelt
  lyrics and altered or slurred notes that echoed
  the mood of the lyrics
• Jazz musicians such as Louis Armstrong began to
  incorporate blues styles into their music

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The Great Louis Armstrong
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The popularization of Jazz

• During the Great Migration when African
  Americans moved northward, they brought jazz
  with them
• Musicians of different backgrounds began to use
  jazz elements in their music
• Concert pianist George Gershwin combined
  classical music with American jazz in the
  composition Rhapsody in Blue
• The development of big-band music brought jazz to
  a whole new audience
• Jazz clubs emerged, featuring famous musicians
  such as Duke Ellington, Ethel Waters and Cab
  Calloway
• Also many African Americans went to France after
  WWI, due to their racial tolerance and Jazz
  singer such as Josephine Baker gave France their
  own Jazz Age

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George Gershwin
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Duke Ellington, Ethel Waters and Cab Calloway
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The Harlem Renaissance

• So many creative black writers, musicians and
  artists lived in Harlem (a New York City
  neighborhood) that the flourishing of artistic
  development in the 1920s is known as the Harlem
  Renaissance
• Theatrical roles available to African Americans
  were restricted by prejudice. Nevertheless they
  staged and produced many successful Broadway
  plays and musicals
• African American graduate of Columbia University
  Law School, Paul Robeson, went on to become one
  of the most highly acclaimed actors of the
  1920s.
• Rose McClendon was a leading African American
  actress

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Paul Robeson on the set of The Emperor Jones
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Continued.

• African American literature was paramount to the
  Harlem Renaissance
• Novelists produced work marked by bitterness and
  defiance but also by joy and hope
• Harlem poets, such as Langston Hughes, celebrated
  their ethnic identity and acknowledged the
  struggles they faced
• One of the most active Harlem Renaissance
  supporters was James Weldon Johnson.
• As executive secretary of the NAACP, Johnson
  raised money to support African American artists
  and art programs in Harlem
• He also published The Book of American Negro
  Poetry

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Langston Hughes

• The Negro Speaks of Rivers- Langston Hughes
• I've known rivers I've known rivers ancient as
  the world and older than the flow of human blood
  in human veins. My soul has grown deep like the
  rivers. I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns
  were young. I built my hut near the Congo and it
  lulled me to sleep. I looked upon the Nile and
  raised the pyramids above it. I heard the
  singing of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln went
  down to New Orleans, and I've seen its muddy
  bosom turn all golden in the sunset. I've
  known rivers Ancient, dusky rivers. My soul
  has grown deep like the rivers.

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The Lost Generation

• At the same time of the Harlem Renaissance a new
  generation of writers rose
• Ernest Hemmingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and
  Sinclair Lewis were all members of the Lost
  Generation
• Their work reflected their horror of the death
  and destruction of WWI. They scorned middle-class
  consumerism and the superficiality of the postwar
  years

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The Visual Arts

• Most artists of the 1920s depicted the impact of
  growing cities and the increasing use of
  machinery on American life
• Photography came to be a widely appreciated as an
  art form. Photographer Alfred Stieglitz helped to
  popularize photography
• Mexican muralists such as Diego Rivera became
  popular during this time as well. He was
  commissioned to paint a mural in Rockefeller
  Center, which was destroyed because it contained
  an image of Lenin.
• Creativity also emerged in the United States in
  architecture. A new style with rectangular shapes
  and clean lines came to be.
• Sky scrapers, such as the Chrysler Building and
  the Empire State Building, also came about at
  this time

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Works of Alfred Stieglitz
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Review Questions

• Where did Jazz originate?
• This man combined classical music with American
  jazz in the composition Rhapsody in Blue
• This man went on to become one of the most highly
  acclaimed actors of the 1920s
• He published The Book of American Negro Poetry
• Ernest Hemmingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and
  Sinclair Lewis were all members of this group

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Diego Riveras mural in Rockefeller Center. Can
you find Lenin??
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