Dr. Bill Vicars Lifeprint.com

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Dr. Bill Vicars Lifeprint.com
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linguistics
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regainRE morphemeR phoneme
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If a small part of a sign has meaning, what do we
call it?
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A morpheme.
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A small, meaningless by itself, part of a sign or
word is called what?
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Phoneme
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What do we call the smallest units (parts) of
language?
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Phonemes
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What do we call the building blocks of a word or
sign?
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Phonemes.
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The ways in which parts of a sign interact with
each other
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Phonological Processes.
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Two scribbles on paper have contrast.
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Those scribbles are different. They look
different.
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Neither scribble means anything.
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The scribbles are phonological. They have parts.
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The parts provide contrast but no independent
meaning.
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Moving my hand sideways.
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Moving my hand up and down.
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Those movements are phonemes.
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Those two movements contrast. They are different.
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But out of context they are meaningless phonemes.
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The movements are phonemes.
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If I hold my hand palm up.
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It contrasts with holding my hand palm down.
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The orientation of my hand is a phoneme.
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The phoneme of orientation out of context is
meaningless.
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If I hold my hand up on my left side vs my right
side
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It is different true, but can you say the
location means anything?
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Out of context, no. Not yet.
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Location is a part of a sign but out of context
location is meaningless.
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Location is a phoneme. A meaningless unit of
language.
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Handshapes, locations, movements, orientations,
NMMS, holds are?
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Phonemes
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Phonemes have contrast but they dont have
________?
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Meaning.
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Thus phonology is the study of what?
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The smallest contrastive parts of language.
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If we attach meaning to a phoneme
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That phoneme is considered a morpheme.
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A morpheme is a phoneme meaning
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Out of context, the letter C is just a phoneme.
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If I place that C within the context of a
grade report
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That C is no longer just a phoneme
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It becomes a morpheme that means, You need to
study more. -)
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Some aspects of signing do not create meaning.
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For example, this movement
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What does it mean?
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Nothing. It is a byproduct of
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the phrase FATHER STUDY.
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It is an in between movement.
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This type of movement happens between any two
signs.
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It is a phonological process. But it is part of
signing
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If that movement had meaning we would call it a
morphological process.
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But it doesnt, so we will just call it a
phonological process.
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What shall we call this in-between movement
phonological process?
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Lets call it Movement Epenthesis.
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So, what is Movement Epenthesis?
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How do you sign IDEA?
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How do you sign GOOD?
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How do you sign, Good idea!
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Hmmmm, Good idea! looks different from GOOD /
IDEA
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We shortened the hold at the end of GOOD.
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Shortening the hold didnt change the meaning.
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Reducing the hold between two signs isnt a
morphological process.
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Since no meaning is involved, it is just a
phonological process.
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Lets call that phonological process
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Hold Reduction.
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New topic
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How do you sign DEAF?
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Have you seen it signed the other way?
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EAR to CHINvs CHIN to EAR?
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Do both versions mean the same?
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There is no difference in meaning so therefore
this is what kind of process?
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A phonological process. (Not morphological.)
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In the sign DEAF, the first and last segments can
switch places.
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Lets call this phonological process Metathesis
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What other signs can you think of that can switch
segments?
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CONGRESS
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FLOWER
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RESTAURANT
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HONEYMOON
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NAVY
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TWINS
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BACHELOR
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PARENTS
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HEAD
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What are some signs that dont allow metathesis?
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BODY
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KING
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CHRIST
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INDIAN
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BLOUSE
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THANKSGIVING
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CHILDREN
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THING
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New topic
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Sometimes a part of a sign takes on the
characteristics of another segment near it.
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For example Sometimes youll see people sign I
KNOW using a bent hand for I
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The I (first person pronoun sign) took on the
handshape of the upcoming sign know.
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Lets call that process Assimilation
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Assimilation is when a segment takes on the
characteristics of a segment near it.
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What is the old sign for HORSE?
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COW
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CAT
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DEER
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When both hands perform an identical action we
sometimes drop the passive hand.
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Lets call this principle Weak Hand Deletion
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Review
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Adding a movement segment between signs is
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Movement Epenthesis
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Shortening the holds when two signs occur in
sequence
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HOLD REDUCTION
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Segments of some signs can change places
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Metathesis
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A segment takes on the characteristics of a
nearby segment
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Assimilation
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The passive hand is dropped in a formerly
2-handed sign
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Weak Hand Deletion
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Dr. Bill Vicars Lifeprint.com