Introduction to Computer Science

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Introduction to Computer Science

• Kun-Mao Chao (???)
• Department of Computer Science and Information
  Engineering
• National Taiwan University, Taiwan
• E-mail kmchao_at_csie.ntu.edu.tw
• WWW http//www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/kmchao

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Why is Bill Gates always smiling?

• Why is he always smiling?

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(No Transcript)
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Chapter 1
Introduction
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OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, the reader should be
able to
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1.1
THE COMPUTER AS A BLOCK BOX
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Figure 1-1
Data processor model
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Figure 1-2
Programmable data processor model
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(No Transcript)
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Figure 1-3
Same program, different data
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Figure 1-4
Same data, different programs
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1.2
von NEUMANN MODEL
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von Neumann
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About John Louis von Neumann(??? ? ???????????)

• John Louis von Neumann
• Born 28 December 1903, Budapest, Hungary
• Died 8 February 1957, Washington DC
• Brilliant mathematician, synthesizer, and
  promoter of the stored program concept, whose
  logical design of the IAS became the prototype of
  most of its successors - the von Neumann
  Architecture.

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Figure 1-5
von Neumann model
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von Neumann Model

• ??????
• Memory (???)
• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU, ???????)
• Control Unit (CU, ????)
• Input/Output (I/O, ???)
• ?????? (stored program concept)
• ?????? (sequential execution of instructions)

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1.3
COMPUTER HARDWARE
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?? (???, Computer)
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?? (Monitor Screen)
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?? (Mouse)
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?? (Keyboard)
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?? (Computer housing the computer case the box)
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??? (Printer)
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????? (Notebook)
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???? (Wireless card)
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?????? (Personal Digital Assistant PDA)
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???? (Digital Camera)
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1.4
DATA
????????????
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1.5
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
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Figure 1-6
Program and data in memory
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Figure 1-7
Program made of instructions
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1.6
HISTORY
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???????

• ??

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Pascaline

• ????? Blaise Pascal ???1642????, ??????

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Difference Engine

• Charles Babbage ??1823????

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???????

• Herman Hollerith ?1890????

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ABC (Atanasoff Berry Computer)

• ????????????????
• John V. Atanasoff ? Clifford Berry?1939????

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Turing Machine

• Alan Turing????????, ??????Enigma??

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Alan Turing Me

• H.A. Newton ? E.H. Moore (1885 Yale Univ.)
• ? Oswald Veblen (1903 U. of
  Chicago)
• ? Alonzo Church (1927
  Princeton)
• ? Bob Ritchie (1961
  Princeton)
• ? Webb Miller (1968
  Washington)
• ? Kun-Mao Chao (1993 Penn State)

Alan Turing
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Turing Award

• Nobel prize in computer science
• ACM's most prestigious technical award is
  accompanied by a prize of 100,000. It is given
  to an individual selected for contributions of a
  technical nature made to the computing community.
  The contributions should be of lasting and major
  technical importance to the computer field.
  Financial support of the Turing Award is provided
  by the Intel Corporation.
• ??1966???

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Turing Award

• 2002 Winners Ronald L. Rivest,  
                         Adi Shamir,  
                         Leonard M. Adleman
• Donald Knuth 1974
• Steven Cook 1982
• Ken Thompson Dannis Ritchie
• ????????2000??, ??Turing Award

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RSA encryption --- 1978
Rivest
Shamir
Adleman
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RSA factorization challenges????????????????????
e.g., 143 ? 11 x 13
Challenge Number Prize (US) Challenge Number Prize (US)
RSA-576 10,000 RSA-896 75,000
RSA-640 20,000 RSA-1024 100,000
RSA-704 30,000 RSA-1536 150,000
RSA-768 50,000 RSA-2048 200,000
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US10,000 RSA-576

• 18819881292060796383869723946165043980716356337941
  38270076335642298885971523466548531906060650474304
  53173880113033967161996923212057340318795506569962
  1305168759307650257059

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US200,000 RSA-2048

• 25195908475657893494027183240048398571429282126204
  03202777713783604366202070759555626401852588078440
  69182906412495150821892985591491761845028084891200
  72844992687392807287776735971418347270261896375014
  97182469116507761337985909570009733045974880842840
  17974291006424586918171951187461215151726546322822
  16869987549182422433637259085141865462043576798423
  38718477444792073993423658482382428119816381501067
  48104516603773060562016196762561338441436038339044
  14952634432190114657544454178424020924616515723350
  77870774981712577246796292638635637328991215483143
  81678998850404453640235273819513786365643912120103
  97122822120720357

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?/?????

• www.rsasecurity.com/rsalabs/challenges/factoring/

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To be continued

• ?????????????
• ??????????????????

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????, ???

• ???????????
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