Food Chain

1
Food Chain

• Who can tell me what a food chain is?

2
What is a food chain?

• Shows how each living thing gets its food.
• Some animals eat plants and some animals eat
  other animals.
• For example, a simple food chain links the trees
  shrubs, the giraffes (that eat trees shrubs),
  and the lions (that eat the giraffes).
• Each link in this chain is food for the next
  link.

3
Food Chain vs. Food Web

• Who can tell me what the difference between a
  food change and a food web is?

4
Chains vs. Webs

• A food web is several food chains put together
  that show many different organisms and their
  source of food/energy.

5
Chains vs. Webs
6
What is the source of energy for all food webs?
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Producers

• Plants are called producers because they are able
  to use light energy from the Sun to produce food
  (sugar) from carbon dioxide and water.
• Autotroph Organism that produces its own food
  (plants)

8
Consumers

• Animals cannot make their own food so they must
  eat plants and/or other animals.
• They are called consumers.

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Consumers

• There are three groups of consumers.
• Animals that eat ONLY PLANTS are called
  herbivores (or primary consumers).
• carnivores that eat herbivores are called
  secondary consumers
• carnivores that eat other carnivores are called
  tertiary consumers
• e.g., killer whales in an ocean food web ...
  phytoplankton ? small fishes ? seals ? killer
  whales
• Animals that eat OTHER ANIMALS are called
  carnivores.
• Heterotroph Organism that must consume (or eat)
  its food (animals).

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Decomposers

• Then there are decomposers (bacteria and fungi)
  which feed on decaying matter.

11
Using the simple food chain below to describe how
energy comes from the sun to the plants and the
plants pass the energy to the organisms that eat
the plants and the process continues.

• Sun trees giraffes
  lions
• The sun provides energy to the tree, the tree
  provides energy to the giraffe, and the giraffe
  provides energy to the lion.
• This is the flow of energy.

12
Arrange the following into a food web.(Include
arrows and group them by producers, consumers and
decomposers)
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Ultimate energy source!
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Producers get energy from the sun
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Consumers get energy from producers
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Decomposers Breakdown dead materials include
fungus and bacteria
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Trophic Level

• step in a food chain or food web.
• Understanding Level 1 2 3 4
• Define (in your own words) ______________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ____________________________
• Draw

19
Carnivore

• organism that obtains energy by eating animals.
• Understanding Level 1 2 3 4
• Define (in your own words) ______________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ____________________________
• Draw

20
Herbivore

• organism that obtains energy by eating only
  plants.
• Understanding Level 1 2 3 4
• Define (in your own words) ______________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ____________________________
• Draw

21
Omnivore

• organism that obtains energy by eating both
  plants and animals.
• Understanding Level 1 2 3 4
• Define (in your own words) ______________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ____________________________
• Draw

22
Energy Pyramid

• diagram used to show how energy is distributed in
  food chains of food webs.
• Understanding Level 1 2 3 4
• Define (in your own words) ______________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ____________________________
• Draw

23
Producer

• organism that can capture energy from sunlight or
  chemicals and use it to produce food from
  inorganic compounds also called an autotroph.
• Understanding Level 1 2 3 4
• Define (in your own words) ______________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ____________________________
• Draw

24
Consumer

• organism that relies on other organisms for its
  energy and food supply also called a
  heterotroph.
• Understanding Level 1 2 3 4
• Define (in your own words) ______________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ____________________________
• Draw

25
Decomposer

• organism that breaks down and obtains energy from
  dead organic matter.
• Understanding Level 1 2 3 4
• Define (in your own words) ______________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ____________________________
• Draw

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Food Chain

• series of steps in an ecosystem in which
  organisms transfer energy by eating and being
  eaten.
• Understanding Level 1 2 3 4
• Define (in your own words) ______________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ____________________________
• Draw

27
Food Web

• network of complex interactions formed by the
  feeding relationships among the various organisms
  in an ecosystem.
• Understanding Level 1 2 3 4
• Define (in your own words) ______________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ____________________________
• Draw

28
In this food chain, the spiders are

• A producers
• B primary consumers
• C competitors
• D secondary consumers

29
Wolves and hawks are at the same trophic level
because they
A both live on land B are both large
mammals C both eat primary consumers D have
similar hunting patterns
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Which organisms in this food web can be described
as both primary and secondary consumers?
A Hawks B Weasels C Raccoons D Mice
31
Energy used by producers in a grassland food web
is provided by
A sunlight B photosynthesis C oxygen D carbon
dioxide
32
In this diagram of a marine food web, which term
describes the sea turtle?
A Aquatic herbivores B Autotrophic
producers C Third-level consumers D Primary
decomposers
33
The diagram represents different levels of a
marine food pyramid. Between which two levels is
the greatest amount of energy transferred?
A R and Q B S and R C T and S D U and T
34
According to this food web, which of the
following are omnivores?
A Snakes B Rabbits C Mice D Grasshoppers
35
The diagram shows a standard pyramid of numbers
that indicates the number of individual organisms
in a community. Which of the following situations
would form a pyramid showing more consumers than
producers?
A A small plot with 500 corn plants and 100
grasshoppers B One pond with 300 producers and
one snake C An 11,000 m3 lake with 75 fish and
one alligator D One giant oak tree with 10,000
insects and 10 lizards
36
The diagram above is intended to show
relationships in an ecosystem. What do the arrows
represent?
A The direction of population migration B Differ
ences in dietary habits C Progressively smaller
organisms D The direction of energy flow
37
Insecticides help humans compete with insects for
a resource. Which resource is most likely to be
preserved for humans through the use of
insecticides?
A sunlight B water C food D air
38
In this food pyramid, which level contains the
greatest amount of energy?
A Tertiary consumers B Secondary
consumers C Primary consumers D Producers
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Viruses differ from bacteria in that all viruses

A cause insect-borne diseases B can be
destroyed by antibiotics C have rigid cell
walls D must be reproduced in living cells