[1] Ramkrishnan, Gehrke,

1
?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????
???????? ?????2?3

• ????? ??? ???
• ????? ?????

2
?????

• 1 Ramkrishnan, Gehrke, Database Management
  Systems Third Edition
• 2 H. T Kung, J. T. Robinson, On Optimistic
  Methods for Concurrency
• Control, ACM 0362-5915/81/0600 1981.
• 3 S. Chen, Y. Ling, Stochastic Analysis of
  Distributed Deadlock Scheduling ACM
  1-58113-994-2/05/0007 2005.
• 4 G. Coulouris, J. Dollimore, T. Kindberg,
  Distributed Systems Concepts and Design third
  Edition 2001
• 5 K. Haller, H. Schuldt, C. Turker,
  Decentralized Coordination of Transactional
  Processes in Peer-to-Peer Environments.
• ACM 1-59593-140-6/05/0010 2005.
• 6 A.Silberschatz, H.F.Korth, S. Sudarshan,
  Database System Concepts(Book)
• 7 K. Haller, H. Shuldt, C. Turker. A fully
  Decentralized approach to coordionating
  Tranactional processes in peer-to-peer
  environments. Technical report 463, ETH Zurich,
  Switzerland, 2004.
• 8 M. Tang, B. Lee, C. Yeo, X. Tang, Dynamic
  replication algorithms for the multi-tier Data
  Grid, Elsevier, October 2004.
• 9 Distributed multiple selection algorithm for
  peer-to-peer systems August 2004Elsevier, Journal
  of Systems and Software

3
?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????
????? ???

• S2PL
• Optimistic
• Time Stamping

4
S2PL

• ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???
• ??????? ?? 2PL
• ??????
• ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????????
• ???? ????? ????????? ????
• ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? Lock? ???
  ????

5
Optimistic

• ????? ???? ??? validation ?? ???? ????? ???
• ??????
• Rollback ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????????
• ?????? Rollback ??

6
Time Stamping

• ?????? Time Stamping? ?? ???????? ??????
• ??????
• ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???
• ?????? ???? clock? ??? ????????

7
Decentralized Serialization Graph Test

• ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????

8
Decentralized Serialization Graph Test

• ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??
  ??????? ??????
• ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? commit ???? ??
  ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????
  ??? commit? ????? (?????? ??? optimistic)

9
Decentralized Serialization Graph Test

• ?????? ??? ???
• ????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ????
• ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????
• ????? ?? ???? ????? ???
• ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???????
• ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ?? (??
  ???? ?? ? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???)
• ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????

10
Decentralized Serialization Graph Test

• ???
• ?? ?? commit ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??
  ????? ??? ????
• ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???????
• ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ?? (??
  ???? ?? ? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???)
• ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????

11
Successful forward execution
12
Successful forward execution
13
Aborted execution
14
Execution with cycle
15
??????? ?????

• Replication
• Failure

16

• Dynamic Replication Algorithms for
• the Multi-Tier Data Grid
• October 2004
• Elsevier, Journal of Systems and Software

17

• Static Replication
• ????? ????? Replication ?? ???? ?????
• ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??
• Dynamic Replication
• ????? ???????? ????? Replication? ?? ???? ??
  ??????? ????? ??????

18
(No Transcript)
19
????? RS (Replica Selector)

• ?????? ?? ??????? ? ????? replica? ????? ??
  client? ??????? ?????
• ?????? ??
• ??????
• ????? load? ?? replica? ??

20
????? (Local Replica Manager)LRM

• ?????? replica? ??? ???? ?? ????
• ?????? ????? ?????? ????
• ????? ????????? ???? ?? DRS ??? Log? ????

21
????? (Dynamic Replica Schedular)DRS

• ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????
• ????? ???????? ???????? replication
• ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????
• ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? replicate ???? ????
• ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ? ????? Log ???? ???
  ?? Replication

22
????? (Dynamic Replica Schedular)DRS

• ???? DRS ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? replica? ???? ?????
  ?? ?? LRM? ?????? ??????? ?? ???.
• ?? ?? ???? replica? ?? DRS ??? ???? ?? ??? ??
  RC? ?? update? ???.

23
????? (Replica Catalogue )RC

• ????? name server
• Mapping? ??? ????? ? ???? ?????? replica ??
• ??????? ?? ??????? ???????
• Lock? ?? ?? RC ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? DRS
  ?????? ?? ???

24
Concurrency

• ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? client ???? ???
• DRS ?? Replica? ?? ??? ?? ???
• ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? DRS ??? ???? ?? ???
• DRS ??? Replica? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????????? ??
  ???
• ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???

25
????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? Failure

• ?????? backup ?? DRS, RC,RS
• ??????? ?? bully algorithm

26
????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? Failure
27
??????????? Dynamic Replication

• Simple Bottom Up (SBU)
• Aggregate Bottom Up (ABU)

28
Simple Bottom Up

• ???? ???
• ???? ???? replica??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??
  ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ???
  ????? ???
• ?????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??
  ???? ???

29
Simple Bottom Up

• ??? ???
• ??? replica? ?? parent ????? ?? client ??? ????
  ??? ????.
• ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? parent ???? ?? ????
• ??? parent ?? ??? ?? ???? parent ???? ?????? ??
  ????.

30
Aggregate Bottom Up

• ????? ?? SBU
• ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?
  aggregate? ???? ???????? ?????

31

• Distributed multiple selection algorithm for
  peer-to-peer systems
• August 2004
• Elsevier, Journal of Systems and Software

32
??????? ???? ?? ???? (peer-to-peer)

• ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ??????
• ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????
• ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???
• ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????
• Napster? Kaza? Emule? ...
• ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????
• ???? ???? ?????? ????

33
????? ????

• ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????
• ????? ?????
• ??????? ?????
• ?????? ?? ????? ?????
• ???? ?????? ???? ????
• ?? ???????? ?? RD? ????? ?????

34
????? ?? ????? ????

• ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???
  ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????
  ?????? ? ???? ??????.
• ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??
  ?????
• ?????? ?? ???? ????????????? ???? ???????? ? ????
  ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????
• ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???
  ????? ?????

35
?????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????
???????? ????? ??? ????? ?? P2P

• ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???
• ????? message???? ?? ? ??? ??? ????
• ?????? ????

36
?? ??? ???? ???????? Selection

• ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ????????
• ????? ????? select? ??? ?? ????????

37
??????? ??? ???

• ?????
• ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????
• ????? ???? ?????

38
???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????

• ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???
• ????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ??????
• ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??
  ???????? ??

39
??? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???

• ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????
  ??????? ???
• ???? ???? 30 ???? ???????? ????
• ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???

40
??? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????

• ?? ???? ??? ???? ????
• ???? ???? p-1 ???? (???????? ?? ????? ??? n/p?
  2n/p? ... ? (p-1)n/p ) ?? ?????? ?? n ????? ? p?
  ????????
• ???? ???? ???? ???? 30 ???? ? 60 ???? ???? ??
  ?????? ?? 90 ????? ? 3 ????????

41
????? ? ??????

• ???????? ??broadcast/multicast
• ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? p ????????
• ????? n ????? ?? ???? ?????? uniform ??? ??? n
  ???????? ????? ??? ???(???? n/p ????? ?? ??
  ????????)
• ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? X(i,k) ????? ????
  ?? ????
• k ???? ??? 1 ? n/p?
• i ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???
• X(i,1) lt X(i,2) lt ...lt X(i, k) lt ... lt X(i, n/p)

42
????? ? ?????? (?????)

• ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????
  ?????.
• ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????
  ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???
• ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????
  ???? uniform? ??????? ??? ???

43
???

• ???? ???? p-1 ???? ???
• ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? jn/p ??? (1ltjltp-1) .
• ???? ???? ??? ????? 30 ???? ? 60 ???? ???? ??
  ????? 90 ?????? ?? 3 ????????.

44
????? ????????

• ??? ???
• ????? ???
• ?????? coordinator
• ????? ???????? ? ???????? ???? ?? coordinator
• ???? ???? MIN? ? MAX
• ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??
• DELIMITERj MIN (MAX-MIN)j / p
• (1 lt j lt p-1)

45
????? ????????

• ??? ???
• ????? ???
• coordinator? ?????? p-1? ???????? ?? ?? ???
  ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???.

46
????? ????????

• ??? ???
• ????? ???
• ?? ???????? p-1? ???? (pivot) ?????? ?? ???.
• Pivot i,j ???????? ????? ?? ???????? i?? ??? ??
  ?? DELIMITERj? ?????? ???(?? ?? ?? ????? ???).

47
????? ????????
48
????? ????????

• ??? ???
• ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???
• ?????? ???? ? ?????? ????
• Ri,j? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? Pivot i,j ??
  ???????? i ???.
• ?? ???????? p-1? ???? ?? Pivot? ?? ?????? ??????
  ?? ??? ? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?
  ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ? Broadcast? ?? ???.

49
????? ????????

• ??? ???
• ?? ???????? (p-1)2 ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????
  ?????? ? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????
  ??? ?????? ?? ???
• ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????
  ????? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? Pivot? ?????
  ?????? ?????? ? Broadcast? ?? ???.

50
????? ????????

• ??? ???
• NPnew value of Pivoti,j
• OPold value of Pivoti,j
• LKlargest key of the sub-file
• SKsmallest key of the sub-file
• NKnumber of keys in the sub-file
• NP OP(LK-SK)offsetj /NK

51
????? ????????

• ???? ????? ????? Round ??? ???? ???? ???? ????
  ????? ????
• ?? ????? ????? ???????

52
????? ????????
53
????? ????????
54
????? ????????
55
????? ????????
56
????? ????????
57
????? ????????
58

• ?