Castles and Cathedrals Civil Engineering During the Middle Ages

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Castles and Cathedrals Civil Engineering
During the Middle Ages
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The Rise of Feudalism An Agricultural
Revolution Explorations on Mechanical Power

• The introduction of the stirrup
• Mounted shock combat
• The introduction of the plough
• The introduction of crop rotation
• Improved nutrition
• The reinvigoration of town life
• The development of machine design
• The concept of a power technology

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11th and 12th century masters of masonry

• Ingeniator
• Engineor
• Engigneur

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Castle a word introduced after the Norman
invasion of England (1066 A.D.)

• Basically a circular mound of earth surrounded by
  a dry ditch and flattened at the top. Around the
  crest was placed a timber palisade.

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Later Castles Built of Stone

• Layered defense
• Flanked by projecting towers
• Borrowed design from examples found in the Middle
  East by the Crusaders
• Featured stronger but progressviely stronger
  defensive rings
• At the center of the Castle was the inner ward,
  surrounded by a wall 35 high

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The Medieval Gothic Cathedral

• Highest Structures in Europe to the 20th Century
• Flying Buttresses
• Stained Glass
• Symbolic ornamentation
• Very high vaulted ceilings

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