Nationalism

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Nationalism Sectionalism
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• Nationalism
• Events and actions that form a sense of national
  identity unite the country in a social,
  political or economic way.

• Sectionalism
• Events or actions that divide the nation along
  regional or cultural lines provide for the
  development of the nation in different or polar
  directions.

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Economy

• Embargo of 1807 and War of 1812 stimulate
  industrial growth in America
• Samuel Slater
• English immigrant living in Pawtucket, R.I.
• Brought secrets of industry from England
• Francis Cabot Lowell
• Invented a better power loom
• Waltham, Massachusetts

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Economy

• First Bank of the United States ends in 1811
• Congress creates the 2nd BUS in 1816
• Same as Hamiltons bank except had more capital
• State banks still able to issue own currency, but
  national bank dominated them
• Tariff of 1816
• Protect American industry from British imports

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Transportation

• Should the federal government finance roads and
  other internal improvements?
• 1815 Madison calls for an amendment to clarify
  national roads and canals
• 1817 John C. Calhoun proposes a bill to create
  a road and canal system
• Passes in Congress, vetoed by Madison
• Example of continued debate over strict and
  loose construction

James Madison
John C. (C is for Creepy Looking) Calhoun
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Transportation

• Steam Boat
• Robert Fultons the Clermont
• Steam ships could power upstream
• Canals
• Waterways were easiest way to carry goods
• Erie Canal
• 363 mile long from Lake Erie to the Hudson River
• Connected the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean

• Cumberland Road (National Road)
• Permanent road financed by the government
• Connected Maryland to Columbus Ohio
• U.S. Route 40 today
• Turnpikes
• Most roads were privately built
• Collected tolls to use
• Railroads
• Steam locomotive adapted from England
• Baltimore and Ohio line (B O) first in America
  (1823)
• By 1840, U.S. had over 3,300 miles, most in the
  world

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Moving Westward

• Great Migration
• 1810 1 in 7 Americans live west of the
  Appalachians
• 1820 1 in 4
• Growing population (natural and immigration)
• Improving transportation
• More available land
• Old Northwest single family farms, mobile
• Far West trappers, Oregon, trade with Mexico

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Old South

• Eli Whitney
• The Cotton Gin
• Cotton drives movement into the Mississippi
  Territory
• Started with individual farmers followed by large
  planters
• Plantation owners dominate life

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Era of Good Feelings

• Image of America after the War of 1812
• Economy, expansion, trade, new states,
  nationalism
• End of the First Party System
• Virginia Dynasty
• Jefferson
• Madison
• Monroe

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Florida

• John Quincy Adams
• Son of John Adams, career politician and
  diplomat, nationalist
• Wanted to claim all of Florida to expand the
  U.S., 1817 began negotiating with Luis de Onis of
  Spain
• Andrew Jackson
• On border to stop Seminole raids
• 1818 seized Spanish forts for supplying Indians
• Adams Onis Treaty (1819)
• U.S. gives up claims to Texas
• Spain gives up Florida and claims to Oregon

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Panic of 1819

• Panic economic depression
• Land boom
• Easy credit and European need for food sparked
  land boom in the west
• Land Acts of 1800 1804
• Speculation leads to higher land prices
• National Bank
• Tightened credit, called in loans
• State and wildcat banks failed launching panic
• 6 year depression ends Era of Good Feelings
• Land law of 1820, Relief Act of 1821, Tariff of
  1824
• Americans blame the Bank of the U.S.

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Missouri Compromise (Compromise of 1820)

• Missouri applies for statehood as a slave state
• Northern congressmen worried, why?
• Henry Clay comes up with the Missouri Compromise
• Missouri admitted as a slave state
• Maine admitted as a free state
• 36 30 line established as the northern border of
  slavery in the U.S. territories
• Sectionalism competing with nationalism

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Monroe Doctrine

• Latin American revolutions give opportunity for
  U.S. to dominate Western Hemisphere
• Monroe Doctrine
• Written mostly by J.Q. Adams
• European nations were not to threaten Latin
  American nations and no further colonization
• America would stay out of European affairs
• Expression of nationalism