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Contents
CHAPTER FOCUS SECTION 1 Village Life SECTION
2 The Conquerors CHAPTER SUMMARY STUDY
GUIDE CHAPTER ASSESSMENT
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Chapter Focus 1
Overview

• Chapter 17 discusses the Germanic impact on
  western Europe. ?

• Section 1 compares the cultures of the Romans and
  the Germans. ?
• Section 2 describes the Germanic invasions and
  the end of the Roman Empire.

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Chapter Focus 2
Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will be able to

• describe family life in German villages. ?

• analyze how the love of battle and their laws
  influenced the Germans. ?
• discuss what role the Goths and the Vandals
  played in the decline of the Roman Empire. ?
• describe what replaced the Roman Empire in the
  West.

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Chapter Focus 2
Read to Discover

• What life was like in German villages ?

• How the Germans laws and love of battle
  influenced them ?
• What role the Goths and Vandals played in the
  decline of the Roman Empire ?
• What replaced the Roman Empire in the West

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Chapter Focus 3
Terms to Learn
People to Know

• clans ?

• Wodan ?

• chieftain ?
• blood feuds ?
• oath-helpers ?
• ordeal ?
• wergeld ?

• Thor ?
• Attila ?
• Alaric ?
• Odoacer ?
• Theodoric ?

Places to Locate

• Danube River valley ?

• Valhalla

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Chapter Focus 4
Why Its Important
During the first 400 years after the birth of
Christ, the Germans left the forests and marshes
of northern Europe in search of warmer climates
and better grazing land for their cattle. They
slowly drifted south toward the Roman
Empire. Attracted by Romes wealth and culture,
the Germans hoped to live peacefully within the
empires borders. However, the Romans considered
them enemies and for many years fought to keep
the Germans out of Rome. By 300 A.D., however,
the empire had begun its long decline and could
no longer turn back the Germans. So the Romans
allowed groups of Germans to move into the Danube
River valley, where a blending of German and
Roman ways took place.
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End of Chapter Focus
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Section 1-1
Village Life

• Although the Germans took part in Roman life,
  they also kept much of their own culture. ?

• They lived in villages of thatched roof huts
  surrounded by farmlands and pastures. ?
• Women, children, and enslaved people did most
  farm work. ?
• German dress was simple. ?
• The Germans so strongly believed in hospitality
  that it was against the law to turn away anyone
  who came to the door.

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Section 1-2
Village Life (cont.)

• Feasting, drinking, and dancing were favorite
  German pastimes. ?

• The Germans spoke a language that later became
  modern German. ?
• At first, they could not read or write, because
  their language had no alphabet. ?
• Gradually, they began to use Roman letters to
  write their own language.

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Section 1-3
Warriors

• German men were warriors, spending most of their
  time fighting, hunting, or making weapons. ?

• The Germans were divided into clans, or groups
  based on family ties. ?
• At first, the Germans gave their greatest loyalty
  to their clan but later shifted their loyalty to
  a chieftain, a military leader. ?
• The chieftains provided their men with
  leadership, weapons, and adventure. ?
• German warrior bands were small and did not have
  fixed plans of fighting.

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Section 1-4
Warriors (cont.)

• A successful attack provided warriors with
  enslaved people, cattle, and other treasures. ?

• The Germans' love of battle was closely linked to
  their religion, and they expected warriors to win
  in battle or die trying. ?
• The chief god, Wodan, was the god of war, poetry,
  learning, and magic and his son Thor was the god
  of war and thunder. ?
• The Germans believed that goddesses carried
  warriors who died in battle into the afterlife to
  Wodans hall, called Valhalla, to feast and fight
  forever.

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Section 1-5
Law

• Unlike the Romans who believed the law came from
  the emperor, the Germans believed that the law
  came from the people, requiring public approval
  for any changes. ?

• Reckless, often drunken, fighting caused problems
  in German villages. ?
• Courts were established to keep such fights from
  becoming blood feuds, or quarrels in which the
  families of the original fighters seek revenge.

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Section 1-6
Law (cont.)

• Germans who were accused of a crime would profess
  their innocence in an oath, and that oath would
  be defended by an oath-helper, who swore that
  the accused spoke the truth. ?

• Sometimes guilt or innocence would be decided by
  ordeal, a severe trial, in which the accused
  would walk on red-hot coals or be bound and
  thrown in the water. ?
• If the burns healed in three days or if the
  accused sank, he was considered innocent. ?
• Courts also could impose fines called wergeld on
  a person judged as guilty.

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Section 1-Assessment 1
Section Assessment
What were some of the duties of a German
chieftain?
Chieftains gave their men leadership, weapons,
and a chance for wealth and adventure. They also
kept peace among warriors and sometimes provided
them with food and shelter.
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Section 1-Assessment 2
Section Assessment (cont.)
What were some features of German religion?
It had many gods who fought and hunted. The chief
gods of the German religion were Woden and Thor.
Germans also believed that goddesses carried the
spirits of fallen warriors to Valhalla for
eternal feasting and fighting.
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Section 1-Assessment 3
Section Assessment (cont.)
Making Inferences Why do you think hospitality
was so important to the Germans?
Answers will vary.
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Section 1-Assessment 4
Section Assessment (cont.)
Recreate the diagram on page 269 of your
textbook, and use it to compare strengths and
weaknesses of German law.
Its strengths were that it helped settle
quarrels, and kept the peace. Its primary
weakness was that it did not treat people fairly
since penalties were determined by a persons
wealth and importance.
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End of Section 1
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Section 2-1
The Conquerors

• The Goths were a Germanic people who lived in the
  Balkan Peninsula of Europe. ?

• In the late 300s the Huns, led by Attila, or
  Little Daddy, attacked both the Ostrogoths
  (East Goths) and the Visigoths (West Goths). ?
• After the Huns conquered the East Goths, the West
  Goths asked the Roman emperor for protection. ?
• Before long, trouble broke out between the West
  Goths and Roman officials.

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Section 2-2
The Conquerors (cont.)

• Finally, the West Goths rebelled against the
  Romans and defeated them at the Battle of
  Adrianople in 378. ?

• In 410, led by Alaric, they captured and looted
  Rome and continued on to Gaul and then to Spain,
  ending the Roman rule in Spain and driving out
  the Vandals. ?
• In 455, the Vandals attacked and burned Rome, but
  spared the lives of the Romans.

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Section 2-3
The Conquerors (cont.)

• The Germanic invasions were one of the three main
  reasons the Roman Empire in the West began to
  fall. ?

• In 476, a German general named Odoacer took
  control and ruled the western empire in his own
  name for almost 15 years. ?
• Later the East Goths, led by Theodoric, took
  Italy, killed Odoacer, and set up their own
  kingdom.

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Section 2-3
The Conquerors (cont.)

• By 550, the Roman Empire in the West had faded
  away, replaced by six major and a great many
  minor Germanic kingdoms. ?

• Many Roman beliefs and practices remained to
  shape later civilizations.

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Section 2-Assessment 1
Section Assessment
What happened to the East Goths in the late 300s?
What effect did this have on the West Goths?
They were conquered by the Huns. It led them to
ask the Roman emperor for protection.
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Section 2-Assessment 2
Section Assessment (cont.)
What did the Vandals do after leaving Spain?
They crossed the Mediterranean to North Africa,
became pirates, and attacked and burned Rome.
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Section 2-Assessment 3
Section Assessment (cont.)
What replaced the Roman Empire in the West?
Six major and many minor Germanic kingdoms
replaced the Roman Empire in the West.
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Section 2-Assessment 4
Section Assessment (cont.)
Predicting Consequences What do you think might
have happened if Roman officials had treated the
West Goths fairly? Explain.
Answers will vary. It is possible that if the
Romans had treated them fairly they might not
have rebelled.
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Section 2-Assessment 5
Section Assessment (cont.)
Refer to the diagram on page 272, and use it to
describe important events in the fall of Rome.
(Key dates are given.)
378Romans defeated at Battle of Adrianople
410West Goths capture Rome 455Vandals attack
and burn Rome 476Odoacer takes control of the
western empire 550six major and many minor
Germanic kingdoms replace the western Roman
empire.
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End of Section 2
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Chapter Summary 1
Chapter Summary Study Guide

• About 300 A.D., groups of Germans began settling
  in the Roman Empire. ?

• German warriors were organized into bands, headed
  by military chieftains. ?
• The Germans love of battle was closely linked to
  their religion. ?
• The Germans determined a persons guilt or
  innocence through use of oath-helpers and by
  ordeal.

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Chapter Summary 2
Chapter Summary Study Guide (cont.)

• The Germans believed that law came from the
  people and that a ruler could not change a law. ?

• The Huns conquered the East Goths and forced the
  West Goths to turn to Rome for protection. ?
• Harsh treatment of the West Goths by the Romans
  set off a chain of events leading to the capture
  of Rome in 410 A.D.

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Chapter Summary 3
Chapter Summary Study Guide (cont.)

• A Germanic chieftain took control of Rome in 476
  A.D., and by 550 A.D., the Roman Empire had been
  replaced by a number of Germanic kingdoms.

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End of Chapter Summary
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Chapter Assessment 1
Understanding the Main Idea
Why did the Germans begin to move south toward
the Roman Empire?
The Germans were looking for a warmer climate,
grazing land, wealth, and culture.
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Chapter Assessment 2
Understanding the Main Idea
Why were the Germans allowed to cross the borders
of the Roman Empire?
They were allowed to cross because the Romans
realized they were not strong enough to keep them
out
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Chapter Assessment 3
Understanding the Main Idea
How did German warriors show their loyalty to
their chieftain?
They obeyed in battle and some gave their
chieftains credit for their own brave deeds.
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Chapter Assessment 4
Understanding the Main Idea
What did the Germans believe the afterlife would
be like for warriors?
They believed that deceased warriors spent their
afterlife in Valhalla, where they would feast and
fight forever.
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Chapter Assessment 5
Understanding the Main Idea
According to German beliefs, from what source did
law come?
The law came from the people.
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Chapter Assessment 6
Understanding the Main Idea
What was the reason for the German ordeal by
water?
They believed water would accept anyone who was
pure and reject anyone who was not pure.
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Chapter Assessment 7
Understanding the Main Idea
Why did the West Goths want to enter the Roman
Empire?
They wanted to enter because they were afraid the
Huns would conquer them.
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Chapter Assessment 8
Understanding the Main Idea
What happened to Rome after its capture by
Odoacer in 476 A.D.?
Odoacer did not pick an emperor. Instead, he
ruled the empire in his own name for 15 years,
until the East Goths invaded and killed him.
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Chapter Assessment 9
Critical Thinking
What parts of Roman culture did the Germans
adopt? What parts of their own culture did they
keep?
They became farmers, traded with Romans, and
joined the Roman army. Some became Christians.
They lived in villages and spoke what later
became modern German.
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Chapter Assessment 10
Critical Thinking
Imagine you will soon become a Germanic
chieftain. Explain what you would provide for
your band of warriors.
Answers will vary.
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Chapter Assessment 11
Critical Thinking
What would you have liked and disliked about
living in a German village?
Answers will vary.
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Chapter Assessment 12
Critical Thinking
Do you believe the penalty for a crime should
depend on a persons wealth or importance? If
not, on what should it depend? Explain.
Answers will vary.
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Chapter Assessment 13
Geography in History
Place Refer to the map on page 271 of your
textbook. Access to the sea played an important
role in the economy of each Germanic kingdom.
Which kingdom had the longest seacoast? About
how many miles long was it?
Ostrogoth about 2,000 miles
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Chapter Assessment 14
If I may join your army I swear on our god of
war, Zeus, I will fight hard. I have a letter
from my chieftain saying I am a good warrior.
Why would this warrior speaking to a Roman not be
considered a true German?
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End of Chapter Assessment
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History Online
Explore online information about the topics
introduced in this chapter.
Click on the Connect button to launch your
browser and go to the Human Heritage A World
History Web site. At this site, you will find
interactive activities, current events
information, and Web sites correlated with the
chapters and units in the textbook. When you
finish exploring, exit the browser program to
return to this presentation. If you experience
difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually
launch your Web browser and go to
http//www.humanheritage.glencoe.com
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Global Chronology
300 A.D.Romans allow groups of Germans to cross
their borders
550 A.D. Roman Empire is replaced by Germanic
kingdoms
410 A.D. Alaric captures Rome
455 A.D. Vandals sack Rome
378 A.D. Battle of Adrianople
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People in History 1.1
Theodoric the Great c. 454 A.D.-526 A.D.
Germanic King
Theodoric was king of the East Goths, a Germanic
people from eastern Europe. When Rome fell in
476 A.D., he took part in the struggle. About
500 A.D., Theodoric declared himself king of
Italy. As king, he encouraged the Roman and
Germanic peoples to get along. He respected
Roman customs, and during his reign peace and
prosperity returned.
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