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Ancient Greece

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Ancient Greece 500-323 B.C.E. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Athens Athenians were tough but were encouraged to engage in activities like art, philosophy ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Ancient Greece


1
Ancient Greece
  • 500-323 B.C.E.

2
Geography
  • Greece is a peninsula about the size of Louisiana
    in the Mediterranean Sea.
  • Its very close to Egypt, the Persian empire
    (includes Turkey) and Rome.

3
Greek geography
  • Greece is mountainous
  • Greek communities often times developed
    independently because of the mountains, thus they
    were diverse
  • As a result, they fought each other a lot.

4
Technology results from necessity
  • Since Greek coastal cities were sandwiched
    between the ocean and the sea, they developed an
    awesome navy for trading and fighting.

Greek fighting ship Galley
5
Technology results from scarcity
  • All cities need fresh water. This is a Greek
    aqueduct, basically a brick water pipe.
  • The first aqueduct was Assyrian, but most ancient
    societies had them.

6
Terracing saves water and soil in mountainous
environments
7
Greek Inventions
  • The Greeks invented dice.

8
The Greeks were the original Olympiads. Their
scientists studied the best way to perform sports
9
Greek Invention
  • The Greeks invented the crane.

10
Greek Architecture
  • Greeks invented arches and columns.
  • This obviously took advanced mathematics.

11
More Greek Architecture
12
Greek Military
  • This is a catapult, a Greek invention.
  • It could throw 300 pound stones at walls and
    buildings

13
Greek Military
  • This is a phalanx.
  • Soldiers get in a tight box. They each have a
    large shield and a 9 foot long spear.

14
Flamethrower!!!!!
15
Greek religion was polytheistic.
16
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Aphrodite The sensual goddess of beauty
17
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Ares The bloodthirsty god of War
18
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Athena The sophisticated goddess of Wisdom and
Art
19
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Apollo The youthful god of the Sun and Music
20
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Artemis The wild goddess of the Hunt
21
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Dionysus The joyful god of wine and pleasure
22
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Hera The mature goddess of the Family
23
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Hades The gloomy god of the Underworld
24
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Poseidon The moody god of the Seas
25
Quick list of Greek GODS!
Zeus The heavenly King of the Gods
26
Direct participation was the key to Athenian
democracy. In the Assembly, every male citizen
was not only entitled to attend as often as he
pleased but also had the right to debate, offer
amendments, and vote on proposals. Every man had
a say in whether to declare war or stay in peace.
Basically any thing that required a government
decision, all male citizens were allowed to
participate in.
27
Political terms
  • All of Greece wasnt a democracy.
  • Most of Greece was a monarchy a type of
    government ruled by a king or queen.
  • At right is Pericles, a good king of Athens.

28
Sparta
  • Sparta was an isolated city-state that was
    culturally and politically different from Athens.
  • Sparta was an oligarchy, government ruled by a
    few. They had 2 kings.
  • During the Peloponnesian Sparta sacked Athens.

29
Sparta
  • Spartan society was obsessed with war.
  • Boys were sent to military school at age 7.
  • Boys who are born deformed are left to die on
    mountainsides

30
THIS IS SPARTA!!
  • At age 20, Spartan men had to pass a series of
    tests of physical and leadership abilities. Those
    that passed became members of the Spartan
    military, and lived in barracks with the other
    soldiers.
  • ?They were allowed to take a wife, but they
    weren't allowed to live with her. At age 30, they
    became full citizens of Sparta, provided they had
    served honorably. They were required to continue
    serving the military, however, until age 60

31
Spartan Women
  • Somewhat ironically, women in Sparta had much
    more independence than women in other
    city-states, partially because their husbands
    never lived at home, and partially because
    Spartans had tremendous respect for Spartan
    mothers.
  • Spartan woman were REQUIRED to stay physically
    fit.

32
Social Classes
  • Spartans were either Perioeci (citizens who paid
    taxes, served in the army and were protected by
    Spartan laws) or Helots (people from lands
    conquered and ruled by Sparta
  • ?The top class or true Spartans ruled and were
    the wealthiest
  • ?The middle class was made of merchants and
    businessmen
  • ?The largest class was that of the Helots

33
HELOTS
  • Spartan citizens were given land which was farmed
    for them by the Helots.
  • ?The Helots were treated as serfs (slaves) and
    had to give half their crops to their Spartan
    master.

34
Athens
  • Athenians were tough but were encouraged to
    engage in activities like art, philosophy, music.

35
Athens Education
  • The primary purpose of Athenian education was to
    produce thinkers, people well-trained in arts and
    sciences, people prepared for peace or war.
  • ?Young Athenian boys were tutored at home until
    the age of six or seven, and then they were sent
    to neighborhood schools for primary education
    until they were 14 years of age.
  • ?These schools were usually private schools, but
    tuition costs were low enough that even most poor
    Athenians could afford to send their boys to
    school for at least a few years

36
Athenian Education Cont
  • During primary school, younger boys learned how
    to play ball games, while older boys were taught
    more military-type activities, such as running,
    boxing, and wrestling.
  • ?All Athenian boys were expected to read heavily,
    because literature played a very important part
    in their education. The national epic poems,
    Homer's Illiad and Odyssey, were mandatory
    teaching in all Athenian elementary schools.

37
Socrates
  • Insisted that morality was part of philosophy
  • ?He emphasized asking questions, and having his
    students examine their own beliefs
  • ?The Athenians thought he caused too much trouble
    by having his students question the gods
  • ?The Athenians gave him the option between exile
    or death. He chose to take his own life by
    drinking hemlock, a poison

38
Plato
  • Socrates inspired Plato, one of his students.
  • ?Wrote more than 30 works of his philosophy
    called Dialogues
  • ?He recognized that the invisible things in
    nature all had order and purpose

39
Aristotle
  • Wrote much on Ethics
  • Thought that all knowledge was not innate but
    learned through a process
  • Agreed to the idea of order and purpose in the
    universe

40
Athenian Government
  • Athens government frequently changed. The move
    towards democracy started with Solon
  • ?He was an aristocrat who introduced democratic
    principles to Athenian government
  • ?His laws gave all free adult males the right to
    participate in the assembly
  • ?The assembly voted on new legislation and other
    major decisions
  • WELCOME DEMOCRACY

41
Greatest Leader
  • PERICLES.King of Athens
  • An aristocrat who brought democracy to its full
    measure
  • ?He made it possible for the poor to still be
    politically active
  • ?He asked for fees to be paid for those who
    serviced politically

42
Athens Govt
  • Freedom to
  • Have a say in public business
  • Live a private life without interferences
  • Rise, by ones own merits, from poverty and
    obscurity to renown and wealth
  • Athenians used their freedom to freely
  • Obeyed the laws and authorities
  • Refrained from injuring one another
  • Displayed valor to defend their city

43
Athenian Military
  • This is a hoplite, a Greek infantry soldier.
  • Hoplites were middle-class freemen who had to pay
    for their own weapon and shield.

44
Alexander the Great
  • Alexander was not from Athens, but Macedonia.
  • Alexander was a brilliant military strategist.
  • His favorite book was Homers Iliad

45
Alexander conquered the Persian empire and
controlled the largest empire the world has ever
seen.
46
  • What happens when cultures collide?

47
Alexander spread Hellenistic culture throughout
Asia.
  • Hellenistic is a fancy word for Greek.
  • Alexander spread Greek technology and ideas
    throughout his empire

48
The Roman Coliseum has a strong Hellenistic
influence.
49
What buildings in the USA have a Hellenistic
influence?
50
Lincoln Memorial
51
Any questions before the quiz?
52
Greece Quiz
  • 1.What is Greeces political contribution to the
    political world (especially the United States)?
  • 2. How did geography influence Greeces economy
    and military technology?
  • 3. How did Hellenistic ideas spread throughout
    Asia?
  • 4. Describe an example of how necessity brings
    about technological change.
  • 5. Define monarchy
  • 6. Define oligarchy

53
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