Title: Abraham Silberschatz, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan , Database System Concepts (4th edition),2001
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- Abraham Silberschatz, Henry F. Korth, S.
Sudarshan , Database System Concepts (4th
edition),2001 - R. Ramakrishnan, J. Gehrke, Database Management
Systems , 2000 - C.J. DATE, An Introduction to database systems
(7th edition), 2000 - MIT University Database Open Course web site
- Microsoft Corporation, "Active Directory LDAP
Compliance", October 2003 - Ken Birman, Cornell University, "Multi Phase
Commit Protocols, September 2004
3????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???
- ??????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???
- ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????
- ????
- ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??
- ???? ????? ???? ???????
4????? ????????? ???? ????? ???
- ????????? ???? ????? ??? ?????Homogeneous
Distributed Database - ????????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????Heterogeneous
Distributed Database or Multi Database System
5????? ????????? ???? ????? ???
????????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????
- ?? ?? ????????? ?? ??? Gateway Protocol (API???
?? ?????? DBMS ?? ?? Application??? ????? ??????
?? ????) ???? ?????? ??? DBMS??? ????? ???????
?? ??? (????? JDBC, ODBC, ).
6?????? DDB
- Client-Server
- ??????? ?????Collaborating Server System
- ????? ???? ?????Middleware System
7?????? DDB
- ????? ??? Client-Server
- ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????
- ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????
??? ???? - ???? ????? ????
8?????? DDB
- ????? Client-Server
- ??? ????? ??????? ??? ? ?? ?? ??????? ?????
- Overlap ?? ?????? ??? ????
9?????? DDB
- ??????? ?????Collaborating Server System
- ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?
?? ??
10?????? DDB
- ????? ???? ?????Middleware System
- ????? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??????
- ?????? ?? Legacy System??
11Data Storage
- ???? ???? ????Fragmentation
- ???? Selection
- ????? Projection ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ID ???? ??
???? - ?????Replication
- ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????
- ??????? ???? ??? ? ??
12?????? Catalog
- ??? ????? ?????
- Local Name User name User Defined Relation
name - Global Name Local name Site ID
- ?????? Catalog
- ????? ??????? Catalog ?? ???? ???? ???
- ????? ??????? Replication ? Fragmentation ?? ????
????
13?????? ??? ? ?? ????? ???
- ????? ????? ?? ??? ? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????
??? ? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? - ????? ?????? ?? ???? (Page) ?? ???? Td
- ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? Ts
14?????? ??? ? ?? ????? ???
- Page Oriented Nested Loop Join
- Semijoins
- Bloomjoins
15?????? ??? ? ?? ????? ???
- Page Oriented Nested Loop Join(Fetch as need)
- ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ? ????? ?????? Join ?? ??
????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? - ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? Tuple Oriented
??????? ??? - ?????? ?? ?? ????? ? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ? ???
?????? ?????? Join
16?????? ??? ? ?? ????? ???
- Page Oriented Nested Loop Join(Fetch as need)
Site S
Site R
S
8
R 8 S
17?????? ??? ? ?? ????? ???
- Page Oriented Nested Loop Join(Fetch as need)
Site S
Site R
S
8
R 8 S
18?????? ??? ? ?? ????? ???
Site S
Site R
S
Reduction of S
Pro.
8
8
R 8 S
19?????? ??? ? ?? ????? ???
- Bloomjoins
- ?? ??? ?????? ???? ? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????Bit
Vector ?? ??? V ??????? ?? ??? (?? ????? ?? ???
K) - ???? Hash ?? ??? ?????? ????? R ????? ?? ????,
??? ????? ???? Hash i , ???? , Vi1 ? ?? ????
????? Vi0 - ???? ????? ????? Reduction
- ???? Hash ?? ??? S ??? ????? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ??
?? ???? Hash ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? V ?????
??, ??? ?? ??? - ????? 3 ????? ??? ????? ?? ???
20?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???
- ????? ?????? Synchronous Replication
- Voting
- Read and Write All
- ????? ??? ?????? Asynchronous Replication
- Primary Site
- Peer-Peer
21?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???
- ????? ?????? Synchronous Replication
- ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? Commit ??? ???? ??? ???
??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ( ??? ?? ??
????? ???? ????? ???) - ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????
- ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????
- ????? ????? ???? ??? Commit ????? ????
- ????? ???? ???? ?????? Lock ????? ????
22?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???
- ????? ?????? Synchronous Replication
- Voting ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????????
???? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???
?? ???? ????? ???. - (?? ????? ???? ?? ?????10 ??? ? ????? ?? ????????
???? 7 ???, ????? ???? 4 ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???
?? ??????? ???? ???) - Read Any and Write All ???? ??????, ?? ???? ??
??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????
????? ??? ???? ????? ????. ??? ??? ??? ????
?????? ?????? ?????? ????.
23?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???
- ????? ??? ?????? Asynchronous Replication
- ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????????
?? ????, ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??
????. - ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????
- ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??
- ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??
?? ??????? ?? ???, ???? - ?? ???????? ???? ??
- ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????
24?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???
- ????? ??? ?????? Asynchronous Replication
- Primary Site Asynchronous ?? ??? ?? ????? ??
????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ??,
??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???
??????, ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????
????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ????
???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? - Peer-Peer Asynchronous ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????
??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ??
???????? ????? Conflict Strategy ???? ???? ?? ???
????? ???
25?????? ??? ????? ???
- ????? ??????
- ?????? ??? ????
- ?????? ??? ??????
- ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????
- ???? ??????
- ?????? ????? ??????
26?????? ??? ????? ???
- ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????
- ?? ??? ?????? ????
- ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???
- ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??
27Commit Protocols
- ??? Two-Phase (2PC)1- ????? ????? Prepare T
??????? ????? Ready ??????? ?????? - 2- ????? ????? Commit ?? Abort ?? ????? ???? ??
28Commit Protocols (Cont.)
- ??? Three Phase (3PC)
- ????? 2PC ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??
????? ?????? ????? ????? Commit ?? ?? log ???
?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? Commit
????? ?????.
All Sent OK
292PC ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???
- ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????
- ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????
?????? - ??? ??????? ???? ? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????
???
30Two-Phase Commit
31Blocking Problem of 2PC
32Three Phase Protocol
33????? ?? ????? ?????? ??
- Single Lock Manager
- Distributed Lock Manager
- Primary Copy
- Majority Protocol
- Biased Protocol
- Quorum Consensus Protocol
34????? ???? ?? ???
- ?????? ?? ?? ???Deadlock Prevention
- ????? ?? ??? Deadlock Detection
- ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???
?? ????? ?? ????. - ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????
???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??. - ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? Cycle
Detection ????.
35Availability
- ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??????
????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???
??????? ???? ?? ???? ??, ?? ??? ??????
Robustness ?? ?????
36Availability
- ???? ???? ???? Robustness ???? ????? ????? ?????
??? ???? - ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????
- ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???
- ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????
37Directory Systems
- ?? Directory ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??
????? ???? ?? ???. ????? ??????? ????? ??
???????? ???? ID, Name, Email, Phone, - ?????? ??? ??????
- Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
- X.500
38Directory Systems (Cont.)
- ????? ?????? ?????? LDAP
- X.500 ???? ISO ????? ??. ?????? LDAP ????? ??
??????? Michigan ??? ???????? X.500 ????? ??. - ????? ??????? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????
- ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????
?????? - ????? API ???? ??? ?????? ? ????? ??? ??????? ??
TCP/IP
39Directory Systems (Cont.)
- ?? ??? ? ?? ?? LDAP ???? ????? ?????????? ???
???? - ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???.
- ????? ?????.
- ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ? ????????? ??
???? ??? ???? ???? ????. - ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ???.
- ?????? ????? ????? ? ????? ?????
40LDAP Query
- ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ???? ????
- ??? URL ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???
- LDAP//aura.research.bell.com/Olucent,CUSA
- ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????
???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? Lucent ? ????
???? ????? USA ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????. - ??? API ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????
?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???
??????? ?? LDAP ??? ????. ?? ??? ??? ???????
LDAP_OPEN ? LDAP_BIND ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??
???? ??? ???? ????? LDAP_SEARCH_S ?? ???? ?? ???
? ?? ?? ????? ???.
41Directory Systems (Cont.)
- ???? ?? ????? ?????? LDAP
- Red Hat Directory Server ??? ????? ???????
???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? - Microsoft
- Directory Services Markup Language ??? ??? ?? XML
????? ??? ??? - ?????LDAP API ?? MSDN Platform SDK (????
ADSI). ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? OU ?? ??
Domain ??? - LDAP//OUSales, DCSample, DCCOM
42