Chapter 11-3 Water Pollution

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Chapter 11-3 Water Pollution

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Water Pollution

• Introduction of chemical, physical or biological
  agents that adversely affect the organisms that
  depend upon that water

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Point-source versus Nonpoint-source pollution

• Point-source can be traced to a source
• Nonpoint source comes from many different
  sources that are often hard to identify

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Pathogens

• Parasites, bacteria and viruses that cause
  illness in living things
• Many spend part of their life cycle in water
• Pathogens carried by water cause more human
  deaths than any other environmental problem

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Cholera

• Acute diarrhea
• Caused by bacteria
• Infected food water, shellfish
• Heat kills cholera bacteria

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Dysentery

• Several bacteria and protozoa responsible
• Vomiting, severe diarrhea
• Cause water contamination
• Heat kills most of these

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Typhoid Fever

• Salmonella Thyphi
• Only people carry the bacteria
• Shed in feces
• Vaccination available
• Boil it , cook it, peel it or forget it

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Schistosomiasis

• Caused by microscopic worms
• Enters through the skin of people who walk in
  infected water
• Attacks liver, urinary bladder, and intestines

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Schistosomiasis

• Africa, Middle East, Egypt
• 100 million people affected
• 1 million deaths annually
• Aswan Dam

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WAPI 158 degrees F
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Malaria

• Protozoan
• Transmitted by mosquito
• The mosquitoes breed in standing water
• 800 million affected
• 1 million deaths annually

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Organic Matter

• Animal and plant remains, feces etc.

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Organic Chemicals

• Pesticides, fertilizer, gasoline, oil etc..

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• Runoff from farmlands
• Organic pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers

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Inorganic chemicals

• Acids, bases, salts, etc..

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Heavy Metals

• Dangerous heavy metals include Mercury, lead,
  cadmium, nickel, chromium and Slipknot.

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Physical Agents

• Heat and suspended solids

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Wastewater

• Contains waste from homes or industry

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Treatment

• Primary filtration and settling. Gets the big
  stuff out

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Secondary

• Aeration
• Second settling tank
• Chlorination to kill pathogens

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Artificial eutrophication

• Caused by fertilizer run-off or other organic
  wastes

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Thermal Pollution

• Heat can be a type of water pollution
• Power Plants
• Reservoirs

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Groundwater Pollution

• Any polluted surface water can become polluted
  groundwater
• Very hard to clean up

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Ocean Pollution

• Oil spills Exxon Valdez 1989
• Plastics

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Cleaning up water pollution

• Clean Water Act of 1972
• Safe Drinking water act of 1996