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BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS

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Title: BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS


1
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
Presented By
Anchorage Fire Department
2
WHY are we doing this training?
3
We cant ignore it!
4
  • OSHA BB Pathogen standard
  • The employer shall provide an annual training
    for all employees
  • OSHA 1910.1030
  • The more you know, the better you will perform in
    real situations!

5
Definition
  • Bloodborne Pathogen"
  • means any pathogenic microorganisms that are
    present in human blood and can cause disease in
    humans.
  •   These pathogens include, but are not limited to
    HBV, HIV and HCV.

6
Common BB Pathogen Diseases
  • Malaria
  • Brucellosis
  • Syphilis
  • Hepatitis B(HBV)
  • Hepatitis C(HCV)
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

7
HEPATITIS
8
  • Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E More Serious
    Than You Think
  • Hepatitis is a disease characterized by
    inflammation of the liver.
  • Viral hepatitis refers to several common diseases
    caused by viruses that can lead to swelling and
    tenderness of the liver.

9
HEPATITIS A
  • Hepatitis A is known as Infectious Hepatitis.
  • This disease is often associated with
    fecal contamination in water and is spread
    person-to-person through poor sanitary habits and
    the intake of uncooked food or unclean water.

10
  • It takes about 15-50 days to develop symptoms of
    hepatitis A after exposure.
  • Symptoms usually disappear even without
    treatment about two weeks later.
  • Symptoms resemble the flu.

11
Hepatitis B
  • What is Hepatitis B?
  • Caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV)
  • Is a disease that damages the liver, causing
    symptoms that range from mild or unapparent to
    severe or fatal.

12
Hepatitis B (HBV)
  • HBV can survive for at least one week in dried
    blood
  • Symptoms can occur 1-9 months after exposure
  • Symptoms include
  • jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of
    appetite, intermittent nausea, vomiting

13
What occupational exposures put a worker at risk
for HBV?
  • Contact with blood or potentially infectious body
    fluids through
  • Needle-stick
  • Mucous membranes of eyes, nose and mouth
  • Broken or non-intact skin

14
Hepatitis Can Not be spread
  • breast feeding
  • sneezing
  • hugging or kissing
  • coughing
  • sharing eating utensils or drinking glasses
  • food or water
  • casual contact

HBV can live in a dry environment for at least 7
days.
15
HEPATITIS C
  • Hepatitis C is considered to be a more serious
    threat to fire fighters, paramedics and EMTs
    than hepatitis B virus.
  • According to the Center of Disease Control (CDC),
    hepatitis C is the most common chronic bloodborne
    infection in the United States.

16
Hepatitis C (HCV)
  • Symptoms include
  • jaundice, fatigue,
  • abdominal pain,
  • loss of appetite,
  • intermittent nausea, vomiting
  • May lead to chronic liver disease and death

17
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
18
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
  • HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS
  • HIV depletes the immune system
  • HIV does not survive well outside the body
  • There is no threat on contracting
  • HIV through casual contact

19
You cannot catch HIV
  • through the air (like a cold or flu)
  • through casual, everyday contact
  • (sharing bathrooms, kitchens, etc.)
  • through nonsexual social situations
  • through insects or mosquitoes
  • through urine, feces, nasal secretions,
    sputum, vomitus, saliva, sweat or tears from an
    infected person.

20
  • HIV cannot live in dry environment for more than
    a few hours.
  • Once the virus is dead its dead. You cannot
    reactivate it by adding water.

21
Meningitis
  • Bacterial Meningitis
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection
  • Viral Meningitis
  • Fungal Meningitis

22
Shingles
  • Shingles is a painful localized skin rash often
    with blisters that is caused by the varicella
    zoster virus, the same virus that causes
    chickenpox.
  • Anyone who has had chickenpox can develop
    shingles because it remains in the body after the
    chickenpox infection clears
  • Shingles most commonly occurs in people 50 years
    old or older.

CDC Posted Jan 2011
23
TUBERCULOSIS
  • AIRBORNE PATHOGEN
  • SIGNS SYMPTOMS
  • COUGHING
  • SUDDEN WEIGHT LOSS
  • NIGHT SWEATS

24
TUBERCULOSIS
  • Spread through the air by coughing, sneezing,
    laughs, or singing.
  • Alaska has a high rate of TB in its rural
    population.

25
Signs and symptoms
  • High fever
  • Headache
  • Stiff neck
  • Other Symptoms
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Discomfort looking into bright lights
  • Confusion
  • sleepiness

26
TETANUS
  • A bacterial disease that affects the nervous
    system.
  • Caused by soil contaminated with manure.
  • Health Human Services recommends being
    vaccinated.

27
Vaccinations
28
Vaccinations
  • Hepatitis A
  • Vaccine available

29
Vaccinations
Hepatitis B (HBV)
  • Strongly endorsed by medical communities.
  • Offered to all potentially exposed employees.
  • Provided at no cost to employees
  • Declination forms are available for those not
    wanting the immunization.

30
Vaccinations Hepatitis C
  • There is no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C.

31
Vaccinations
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
  • There is no vaccine at the present time.

32
Vaccinations
Meningitis
  • For Bacterial Meningitis
  • Meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) Ages 2 to
    55 years of age
  • Menactra (2005)
  • Menveo (2010)
  • Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4)
    Older than 55 years of age
  • Menomune (1981)

33
Vaccination
Viral Meningitis
  • MMR (Measles, mumps Rubella)
  • Varicella (Chickenpox)
  • Influenza

34
Vaccinations
  • Shingles
  • CDC recommends Zostavax for use in people 60
    years old and older to prevent shingles. This is
    a one-time vaccination.

35
Vaccinations
  • Tetanus
  • The vaccine is Tetanus toxoid. It is usually
    given with Diphtheria, Pertussis vaccine. (DTP)
  • Typically, a booster is given if a wound is dirty
    and the last Td booster was given more than 5
    years previous to the injury.
  • Otherwise, recommendation for Tetanus Booster is
    every 10 years.

36
Your Exposure Potential
  • Industrial exposure
  • Administering first aid
  • Post-accident cleanup
  • Handling of returned product
  • Janitorial or maintenance work
  • Handling of any waste products

PI 200-2 Infectious Disease Prevention
Control Program.
37
Standard Precautions
  • Use of proper PPE
  • Treat all blood and bodily fluids as if they
    are contaminated
  • Proper cleanup and decontamination
  • Disposal of all contaminated material in the
    proper manner

38
Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)
  • Anything that is used to protect a person from
    exposure

39
Required PPE Table
Operation Gloves Glasses Mask Impervious Gown
Any medical response Yes Yes Optional Optional
Uncontrolled bleeding Yes Yes Yes Yes
Controlled bleeding Yes Yes Optional Optional
Childbirth Yes Yes Yes Yes
Coughing, spitting patient Yes Yes Yes Optional
Nebulized Medications Yes Yes Yes Optional
Invasive airway procedures Yes Yes Yes Optional
Handling/cleaning possibly contaminated equipment Yes Yes Optional Optional
Handling/cleaning obviously contaminated equipment Yes Yes Yes Yes
Cleaning the patient compartment after a call without obvious contamination Yes Yes Optional Optional
Station Cleaning Yes Optional No No
40
PPE Rules to Remember
  • Always check PPE for defects or tears before
    using
  • If PPE becomes torn or defective remove and get
    new
  • Remove PPE before leaving a contaminated area
  • Do not reuse disposable equipment

41
Decontamination of PPE
  • PPE should be removed and disposed of in
    biohazard containers.
  • The cleaning of contaminated PPE and work
    uniforms shall not be done at home.
  • Non-disposable PPE shall be cleaned whenever
    necessary.

42
Regulated Medical Waste
  • Liquid or semi-liquid blood or other potentially
    infectious material (OPIM)
  • Contaminated items that would release blood or
    OPIM when compressed
  • Contaminated sharps
  • Pathological and microbiological
  • waste containing blood
  • or OPIM

43
Signs Labels
  • Labels must include the universal biohazard
    symbol, and the term Biohazard must be attached
    to
  • containers of regulated biohazard waste
  • refrigerators or freezers containing blood or
    OPIM
  • containers used to store, transport, or ship
    blood or OPIM

44
Exposure Incident
  • Report all exposures involving blood or bodily
    fluids to dispatch.
  • Dispatch will contact the on duty Safety Officer.
  • Do not seek treatment without contacting the
    Safety Officer.

45
Post-exposure Evaluation
  • Confidential medical evaluation
  • Document route of exposure
  • Identify source individual
  • Test source individuals blood (with individuals
    consent)
  • Provide results to exposed employee

46
Recordkeeping
  • Medical records include
  • Vaccination status
  • Post-exposure evaluation and follow-up results
  • Training records include
  • Training dates
  • Contents of the training
  • Name of trainer and trainee

47
Hand Washing
Hand washing is your best defense against
exposure.
  • Wash hands immediately after removing PPE
  • A hand sanitizer can be used but wash with soap
    and water as soon as possible thereafter

48
Protection
  • The best defense is a great offense.
  • Recognize and protect yourself
  • Keep up to date with recommended immunizations is
    the best defense.
  • Maintaining healthy habits, like getting plenty
    of rest, washing hands.

49
In Conclusion
  • BB pathogen rules are in place for your health
    and safety
  • Failure to follow them is a risk that does not
    need to be taken

50
Questions?
Contact your Safety Officer.
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