Title: BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
1BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
Presented By
Anchorage Fire Department
2WHY are we doing this training?
3We cant ignore it!
4 - OSHA BB Pathogen standard
- The employer shall provide an annual training
for all employees - OSHA 1910.1030
- The more you know, the better you will perform in
real situations!
5Definition
- Bloodborne Pathogen"
- means any pathogenic microorganisms that are
present in human blood and can cause disease in
humans. - These pathogens include, but are not limited to
HBV, HIV and HCV.
6Common BB Pathogen Diseases
- Malaria
- Brucellosis
- Syphilis
- Hepatitis B(HBV)
- Hepatitis C(HCV)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
7 HEPATITIS
8- Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E More Serious
Than You Think - Hepatitis is a disease characterized by
inflammation of the liver. - Viral hepatitis refers to several common diseases
caused by viruses that can lead to swelling and
tenderness of the liver.
9 HEPATITIS A
- Hepatitis A is known as Infectious Hepatitis.
- This disease is often associated with
fecal contamination in water and is spread
person-to-person through poor sanitary habits and
the intake of uncooked food or unclean water.
10- It takes about 15-50 days to develop symptoms of
hepatitis A after exposure. - Symptoms usually disappear even without
treatment about two weeks later. - Symptoms resemble the flu.
-
11 Hepatitis B
- What is Hepatitis B?
- Caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV)
- Is a disease that damages the liver, causing
symptoms that range from mild or unapparent to
severe or fatal.
12 Hepatitis B (HBV)
- HBV can survive for at least one week in dried
blood - Symptoms can occur 1-9 months after exposure
- Symptoms include
- jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of
appetite, intermittent nausea, vomiting
13What occupational exposures put a worker at risk
for HBV?
- Contact with blood or potentially infectious body
fluids through - Needle-stick
- Mucous membranes of eyes, nose and mouth
- Broken or non-intact skin
14Hepatitis Can Not be spread
- breast feeding
- sneezing
- hugging or kissing
- coughing
- sharing eating utensils or drinking glasses
- food or water
- casual contact
HBV can live in a dry environment for at least 7
days.
15 HEPATITIS C
- Hepatitis C is considered to be a more serious
threat to fire fighters, paramedics and EMTs
than hepatitis B virus. - According to the Center of Disease Control (CDC),
hepatitis C is the most common chronic bloodborne
infection in the United States.
16 Hepatitis C (HCV)
- Symptoms include
- jaundice, fatigue,
- abdominal pain,
- loss of appetite,
- intermittent nausea, vomiting
- May lead to chronic liver disease and death
17HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
18Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
- HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS
- HIV depletes the immune system
- HIV does not survive well outside the body
- There is no threat on contracting
- HIV through casual contact
19You cannot catch HIV
- through the air (like a cold or flu)
- through casual, everyday contact
- (sharing bathrooms, kitchens, etc.)
- through nonsexual social situations
- through insects or mosquitoes
- through urine, feces, nasal secretions,
sputum, vomitus, saliva, sweat or tears from an
infected person.
20- HIV cannot live in dry environment for more than
a few hours. - Once the virus is dead its dead. You cannot
reactivate it by adding water.
21Meningitis
- Bacterial Meningitis
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection
- Viral Meningitis
- Fungal Meningitis
22Shingles
- Shingles is a painful localized skin rash often
with blisters that is caused by the varicella
zoster virus, the same virus that causes
chickenpox. - Anyone who has had chickenpox can develop
shingles because it remains in the body after the
chickenpox infection clears - Shingles most commonly occurs in people 50 years
old or older.
CDC Posted Jan 2011
23TUBERCULOSIS
- AIRBORNE PATHOGEN
- SIGNS SYMPTOMS
- COUGHING
- SUDDEN WEIGHT LOSS
- NIGHT SWEATS
24TUBERCULOSIS
- Spread through the air by coughing, sneezing,
laughs, or singing. - Alaska has a high rate of TB in its rural
population.
25Signs and symptoms
- High fever
- Headache
- Stiff neck
- Other Symptoms
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Discomfort looking into bright lights
- Confusion
- sleepiness
26 TETANUS
- A bacterial disease that affects the nervous
system. - Caused by soil contaminated with manure.
- Health Human Services recommends being
vaccinated.
27Vaccinations
28Vaccinations
- Hepatitis A
- Vaccine available
29Vaccinations
Hepatitis B (HBV)
- Strongly endorsed by medical communities.
- Offered to all potentially exposed employees.
- Provided at no cost to employees
- Declination forms are available for those not
wanting the immunization.
30Vaccinations Hepatitis C
- There is no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C.
31Vaccinations
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- There is no vaccine at the present time.
32Vaccinations
Meningitis
- For Bacterial Meningitis
- Meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) Ages 2 to
55 years of age - Menactra (2005)
- Menveo (2010)
- Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4)
Older than 55 years of age - Menomune (1981)
33Vaccination
Viral Meningitis
- MMR (Measles, mumps Rubella)
- Varicella (Chickenpox)
- Influenza
34Vaccinations
- Shingles
- CDC recommends Zostavax for use in people 60
years old and older to prevent shingles. This is
a one-time vaccination.
35Vaccinations
- Tetanus
- The vaccine is Tetanus toxoid. It is usually
given with Diphtheria, Pertussis vaccine. (DTP) - Typically, a booster is given if a wound is dirty
and the last Td booster was given more than 5
years previous to the injury. - Otherwise, recommendation for Tetanus Booster is
every 10 years.
36Your Exposure Potential
- Industrial exposure
- Administering first aid
- Post-accident cleanup
- Handling of returned product
- Janitorial or maintenance work
- Handling of any waste products
PI 200-2 Infectious Disease Prevention
Control Program.
37Standard Precautions
- Use of proper PPE
- Treat all blood and bodily fluids as if they
are contaminated - Proper cleanup and decontamination
- Disposal of all contaminated material in the
proper manner
38Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)
- Anything that is used to protect a person from
exposure
39Required PPE Table
Operation Gloves Glasses Mask Impervious Gown
Any medical response Yes Yes Optional Optional
Uncontrolled bleeding Yes Yes Yes Yes
Controlled bleeding Yes Yes Optional Optional
Childbirth Yes Yes Yes Yes
Coughing, spitting patient Yes Yes Yes Optional
Nebulized Medications Yes Yes Yes Optional
Invasive airway procedures Yes Yes Yes Optional
Handling/cleaning possibly contaminated equipment Yes Yes Optional Optional
Handling/cleaning obviously contaminated equipment Yes Yes Yes Yes
Cleaning the patient compartment after a call without obvious contamination Yes Yes Optional Optional
Station Cleaning Yes Optional No No
40PPE Rules to Remember
- Always check PPE for defects or tears before
using - If PPE becomes torn or defective remove and get
new - Remove PPE before leaving a contaminated area
- Do not reuse disposable equipment
41Decontamination of PPE
- PPE should be removed and disposed of in
biohazard containers. - The cleaning of contaminated PPE and work
uniforms shall not be done at home. - Non-disposable PPE shall be cleaned whenever
necessary.
42Regulated Medical Waste
- Liquid or semi-liquid blood or other potentially
infectious material (OPIM) - Contaminated items that would release blood or
OPIM when compressed - Contaminated sharps
- Pathological and microbiological
- waste containing blood
- or OPIM
43Signs Labels
- Labels must include the universal biohazard
symbol, and the term Biohazard must be attached
to - containers of regulated biohazard waste
- refrigerators or freezers containing blood or
OPIM - containers used to store, transport, or ship
blood or OPIM
44Exposure Incident
- Report all exposures involving blood or bodily
fluids to dispatch. - Dispatch will contact the on duty Safety Officer.
- Do not seek treatment without contacting the
Safety Officer.
45Post-exposure Evaluation
- Confidential medical evaluation
- Document route of exposure
- Identify source individual
- Test source individuals blood (with individuals
consent) - Provide results to exposed employee
46Recordkeeping
- Medical records include
- Vaccination status
- Post-exposure evaluation and follow-up results
- Training records include
- Training dates
- Contents of the training
- Name of trainer and trainee
47Hand Washing
Hand washing is your best defense against
exposure.
- Wash hands immediately after removing PPE
- A hand sanitizer can be used but wash with soap
and water as soon as possible thereafter
48Protection
- The best defense is a great offense.
- Recognize and protect yourself
- Keep up to date with recommended immunizations is
the best defense. - Maintaining healthy habits, like getting plenty
of rest, washing hands.
49In Conclusion
- BB pathogen rules are in place for your health
and safety - Failure to follow them is a risk that does not
need to be taken
50Questions?
Contact your Safety Officer.