Arrhenius Acids

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Arrhenius Acids Bases

• ACIDS
• Monoprotic (HNO3)
• Diprotic (H2SO4)
• Triprotic (H3PO4)
• Yield Hydrogen ions (H) in aqueous solution

• BASES
• Forms Hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solution

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BRONSTED LOWERY ACIDS

• ACIDS
• Donates a proton/hydrogen ion

• BASES
• Accept proton/hydrogen ion

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Acids

• Tart/sour taste
• Acid solutions are electrolytes (conduct
  electricity)
• Cause indicators to change color
• High concentrations of hydrogen ions
• H
• pH 0 6.9

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Bases

• Bitter taste
• Slippery feel
• Aqueous solutions are electrolytes
• Cause an indicator to change color
• High hydroxide ion concentration
• OH-
• pH 7.1 14.0

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What ions do acids produce in greater
concentrations in a solution? What ions do bases
produce in greater concentrations in a solution?
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CONCENTRATED VS. DILUTE
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STRONG ACIDS

• HF
• HCl
• HBr
• HI
• HNO3
• H2SO4

STRONG indicates the degree of dissociation!!!
NOT the degree of concentration!!!
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WEAK ACIDS

• Acids that DO NOT 100 dissociate
• REMINDERS
• Acids of VERY high concentrations (greater than
  1M), will not 100 dissociate
• ALL acids have SOME concentration of hydroxide
  ions.WHY??

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STRONG BASES

• GROUP I HYDROXIDES
• LiOH - lithium hydroxide
• NaOH - sodium hydroxide
• KOH - potassium hydroxide
• RbOH - rubidium hydroxide
• CsOH - cesium hydroxide

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STRONG BASES

• GROUP II HYDROXIDES
• Ca(OH)2 - calcium hydroxide
• Sr(OH)2 - strontium hydroxide
• Ba(OH)2 - barium hydroxide
• These bases completely dissociate in solutions
  of 0.01 M or less. The other bases make solutions
  of 1.0 M and are 100 dissociated at that
  concentration. There are other strong bases than
  those listed, but they are not often encountered.

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WEAK BASES

• Bases that DO NOT 100 completely dissociate
• REMINDERS
• Bases of VERY high concentrations (greater than
  1M), will not 100 dissociate
• ALL bases have SOME concentration of hydrogen
  ions.WHY??

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Ionization Constant

• Example
• Ammonia in water

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Ionization Constant

• Example
• Ionization of nitric acid

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Ionization Constants Ka, Kb, and Kw
http//www.saskschools.ca/curr_content/chem30_05/5
_acids_bases/acids2_2.htm

• Ka
• Kb
• Kw

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Ionization Constants Ka, Kb, and Kw

• A large value of Ka means there are many H
  ions in solution -in other words, a strong acid
• A large Kb indicates many OH- ions -a strong
  base

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Practice Set
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Calculating pH/pOH

• H 10-pH
• OH- 10-pOH
• H OH- 1 x 10-14

• pH -log H
• pOH -log OH-
• pH pOH 14

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Warm-UpA 25.00 mL sample of a 0.5250 M H2SO4
solution is titrated with a NaOH solution using
phenolphthalein as the indicator. It is found
that 22.07 mL of the NaOH solution is needed to
reach the endpoint of the titration. What is the
molarity of the NaOH solution?