????? (Thorium) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Title:

????? (Thorium)

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The outer layer of Thorium Power's fuel pack contains uranium, thorium, and other metals. The inner layer contains higly toxic plutonium. * * * * * * * * Title: – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ????? (Thorium)


1
??? ???? ?????? ??????
  • ????? (Thorium)
  • ?
  • ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??
  • ????? ??? ????? ?????? 1
  • ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????

2
?????
Introduction
  • ???? ???? ????????? ?????
  • ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ????
    ??? ???? ??? ???? 30 ??? ???? ?????.
  • ??? ??
  • ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????

3
?????? ???
  • ?????? ?? ???? ??????
  • ?????
  • ???? 0015/0 ?? ?? ???? ?????
  • ??? ???? ???? Monazite
  • ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?
    ...
  • ???????? ???? ?? ?? ???? 9 ?? ????? ????? ????
    ?? ????????
  • 26 ???????
  • ??? ??? ????? ???.
  • 232Th
  • T1/2 1.41010 y
  • Thermal-n-Cross-sec 7.37 b
  • Decay mode/Energy alpha/4.081 MeV
  • ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????
  • ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????

4
????????
?Applications
  • ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??

5
????????
Applications
  • ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?????
  • 238Un-----?239U-----?239Np-----?239Pu
  • ????????? ??? ???? ??
  • ??????? ?? ??????? ????
  • ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??
  • ????? ????? ? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????
  • ?? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????(????
    ???? ????????)
  • ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???
    (Ceramic)

23 Min
2.3 day
6
????? ?????????
Biological Action
  • ????? ????? ?????
  • ?????? ?? ?????? ??????
  • 232Th-----?208Pb
  • ??? ?? ???? ?????
  • ???? ? ??? ???????
  • ????? ???????
  • ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??
  • ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????
    ???????? ???
  • ??? ????
  • ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???
    ??????
  • ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????
  • ????? ?????? ? ??????

7
????? ???? ?? ? ?????Nuclear Energy Thorium
  • ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? (Th-based fuel) ??
    ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??
  • ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????
  • ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ? ?????
    ???????? (????? ???)
  • ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????
  • ??? ????? ???? ???????? ? ????? ??? ???? (???????
    ? ????)
  • ???? ?????? ??? ?????
  • ???? ?? ???? ?????
  • ????? ????? ????????
  • ???? ????? ????????? ? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??

8
?????? ???? ??????Benefits
  • ????? ???????? ?? ????????
  • ??????? ???? ??? ? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??
  • low radioxicity waste
  • ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? 232Th ???? ??
    ?????238U
  • ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????????
    ?????? ???? ?? ????????
  • ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????????
    ???? ???? ?? ?????

9
?????? ???? ??????Benefits
  • ???? 238U---239Pu ??? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ????
    232Th---233U ?? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?
    ??????
  • ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????
  • ???????? ?????? ????? ThO2 ?? UO2
  • ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ThO2 ???? ?? UO2
  • ??????? ??????? ????? ThO2 ?? ????? ???????
    ?????????? ???? ?? UO2
  • ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????
  • ThO2 ???? ?? UO2 ???? ????? ?? ??? ? ???? ????
    ????? ???

10
?????? ???? ??????Benefits
  • ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????
    ?????????
  • ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???(???? ???? ???
    ???? ??).
  • ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???? 232Th---233U
  • ????? ???? ?????????? Np? Am? Cm(Minor Actinides)
    ?? ???? 232Th---233U ???? ?? 238U---239Pu

11
????? ???? ??????Challenges
  • ???? ??????? ( ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ???)
  • ???? ???? ???? ??? ThO2
  • ??? ??? ????? ThO2 ?? ????? ????
  • ???? ???? ThO2 ???? ?? UO2 ? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??
    ???? ??????
  • ???? ?? ?? HF ????? ???
  • ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???
  • ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???.

12
????? ???? ??????Challenges
  • ????? ?? 233U ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??
    ???? ????
  • 232Th------?231Th---?231Pa232U
  • ????? ??? refabrication ? recycling ????? ?? ???
    232U ? ?????? ?? ????? 208Tl ? ???? ???? ?? ????
  • ????? ????? ?? ????? 233U ?? 232Th
    233Pa
  • ????? ????? ?? ???? 238U239Pu
    239Np
  • 233Pa ---? T1/227 days
  • 239Np ---?T1/22.35days
  • ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????
    (????? ?? ??? ?????)

n,2n
13
????? ???? ??????Challenges
  • ????? ???????? ? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??
    ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ? ???? ??? ??
    ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????
    ???? ????.

14
?????????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????????
  • ???? ????? ( 232Th233U ) ???? ??????? ?? ????
    ????????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ?? ???? LWR? PHWR?
    HTGR? MSBR ? LMFBR
  • ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????
    ????? ?... ? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????
  • ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?
    ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????.

15
????? Thorium
Fueled Reactors
  • HTGR (Helium Gas-Cooled Reactor)
  • ???? ????? ???
  • Uranium and
  • Thorium Carbide
  • ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???
  • ?????? ??? ????? ?
  • ????? ??? ?????
  • ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????
    ??????
  • ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????
  • ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???
    ??????? ?? ????
  • ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???

Coated fuel particle
16
????? Thorium
Fueled Reactors
  • Water Cooled Reactors
  • ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????
  • ?? ???? ??? Zircaloy
  • ?? ThO2 ? (Th,U)O2
  • ?????? ?????? ?? ??? (LWBR) ?????? ????? ?? ????
    MW(e)60? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????
    ???? ???? ?????? (Breeding ratiogt1)

Goodbye plutonium? The outer layer of Thorium
Power's fuel pack contains uranium, thorium, and
other metals. The inner layer contains higly
toxic plutonium.
17
????????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????
?? ????Thorium Utilization in different
experimental and power reactors
18
????????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????
?? ????Thorium Utilization in different
experimental and power reactors
19
????? ? ????? RD
  • ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????
    ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????
    ???????? ?? ????? ???.
  • ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????
    ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???.

20
?????
References
  • Thorium fuel cycle Potential benefits and
    challenges-------International Atomic Energy
    Agency-May 2005.
  • Uranium Industry Annual 1996--Energy Information
    Administration Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric
    and Alternate Fuels--U.S. Department of
    Energy--Washington, DC 20585-April 1997.
  • http//nautilus.fis.uc.pt/st2.5/ ----- This is an
    Internet Periodic Table.
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