Living organisms are classified into 3 Domains

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Living organisms are classified into 3 Domains

• 1. Bacteria
• 2. Archaea
• 3. Eukarya

4 Kingdoms in this Domain
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Domain Eukarya has 4 Kingdoms

• 1. Kingdom Protista
• 2. Kingdom Fungi
• 3. Kingdom Plantae
• 4. Kingdom Animalia

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Kingdom Protista

• Believed to have evolved as the first eukaryotes.
• Organisms in this group just dont fit perfectly
  into any other Kingdom in the Domain Eukarya.
• Most protists are unicellular.
• Asexual reproduction is common, but sexual
  reproduction also occurs.
• Most diverse group of organisms of any kingdom.

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3 Divisions of Protist

• Plant like protist
• Animal like protist
• Fungus like protist

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Diversity of Protists3 Major Divisions

• Plant-like protist
• Euglenoids
• Diatoms
• Dinoflagellates
• Red Algae
• Brown Algae
• Green Algae

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Second Division of Protist

• Animal Like Protist
• Amoebas
• Flagellates
• Ciliates
• Sporozoans

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Third Division of Protist

• Fungus-Like Protist
• Slime Molds
• Water Molds and Downy Mildews

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Kingdom Protista is very diverse. 15 phyla,
based on the way they obtain energy.
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PLANT-LIKE PROTIST
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Phylum Chlorophyta green algaeSpirogyra7000
species of Chlorophyta
Diversity of Kingdom Protista
This slide and the following 3 slides are meant
to demonstrate the diversity of Phylum
Chlorophyta.
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Phylum Chlorophyta green algae
Diversity of Kingdom Protista
Spirogyra is a filamentous green algae. They
form end-to-end chains of cells. Often found on
the surfaces of ponds.
Conjugation ? (similar to bacterial conjugation)
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Phylum Chlorophyta green algae
Diversity of Kingdom Protista
Multicellular green algae
Chara is a stonewort, the type of green algae
believed to be most closely related to plants.
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Phylum Chlorophyta green algae
Diversity of Kingdom Protista
Volvox is a colonial green alga.
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Green Algae

• Pediastrum, a flat colony of green algae

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Phylum Rhodophyta red algae
Diversity of Kingdom Protista
Commercial importance of red algae Agarlaborato
ry use, gelatin used in Petri dishes Carrageenth
ickening agent in commercial products Porphyra--s
ushi
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Phylum Phaeophyta brown algae
Diversity of Kingdom Protista
Underwater forestshabitats Kelpfood, habitats
for aquatic organisms Pectinused to make gelatin
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Phylum Bacilariophyta the Diatoms or Golden Algae
Diversity of Kingdom Protista
Silicathe shells of these organisms found in
sand. Used to make glass, concrete, Diatomaceous
earth -dead diatoms settle to seafloor,
collected and used in abrasives Plankton abundant
food source for marine organisms
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Diatoms
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More Diatoms
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Phylum Dinoflagellata Spinning Algae-2 flagella
for movement
Some are photyosynthetic Some are
bioluminescent Symbiotic Parasitic
Red tidepopulation explosion of certain types of
dinoflagellates. Kills large amounts of fish.
Depletes water of oxygen and releases toxins into
the water.
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Red Tide-Dinoflagellates

• The toxins produces by the red tide can make
  humans sick. Harvesting shellfish is banned
  during this time.

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More Dinoflagellates
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And more Dinoflagellates
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Phylum Euglenophyta
Diversity of Kingdom Protista
Freshwater This phylum is a typical example of
the difficulties in categorizing protists 1/3
have chloroplasts, the other 2/3 do not. No
sexual reproduction. Longitudinal fission.
Propels the body through water.
For photosynthesis
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Many Euglena!
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ANIMAL-LIKE PROTIST
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Phylum Zoomastigina the flagellates
Trypanosomes- transmitted by the bite of a tsetse
fly, cause African Sleeping Sickness.
Animal-like protists
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Trypanosomes are Flagellates that cause African
sleeping sickness. They are transmitted to their
human hosts by the bite of a tsetse fly.

• Below Trypanosoma in a sample of human blood X
  400.

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More Flagellates-ZoomastiginaSome are helpful
and live in the gut of termites and digest wood
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More Flagellates Phylum Zoomastigina
Diversity of Kingdom Protista
Animal-like protists
Other flagellates are known to spread sexually by
infecting the vagina and urethra of women, and
the prostate, seminal vesicles and urethra of men.
Giardia Lamblia
Zooflagellate Example 2
Attaches to intestinal tract.
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Phylum Rhizopoda-AmoebasMove by Pseudopodia
Phylum Rhizopoda- amoebas, including Entamoeba
hystolytica Phylum Foraminifera- calcium
carbonate shell Phylum Actinopoda-radiolarians T
rivia- White Cliffs of Dover, Egyptian pyramids
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Amoeba

• The projections are called pseudopods or false
  feet.

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Amoeba
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Amoeba?
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Phylum Ciliophora the Ciliates
Diversity of Kingdom Protista
Very diverse group very complex single-celled
organisms which use cilia for movement.
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Ciliate-Paramecium
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Ciliate-Stentor
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Ciliate-Vorticella

•  

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Phylum Sporozoa
Life cycle of Plasmodium vivax, the organism that
causes malaria.
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Fungus Like Protist
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Slime molds, Water Molds, and Downy Mildews
Phyla Myxomycota, Acrasiomycota and Oomycota
Fungus-like protists
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What are Fungus-Like Protists?

• Organisms which have some fungus like features
• Heterotrophic
• Decompose organic material

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Slime Mold
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Slime mold plasmodium body reproductive
sporangia stalks
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Dog Vomit Slime Mold
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More Slime Mold
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More Slime Mold
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Unidentified Orange Slime Mold
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Water Mold
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Downy Mildews
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Summary of Protist

• Most diverse group, autotrophic and heterotrophic
• Eukaryotes, single celled and multicelled
• Structures flagella, pseudopodia, cell
  organelles
• Reproduction asexual and sexual
• Some are harmless, some cause sleeping sickness
  and malaria