BY: SARAH CHOO-YICK

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ALFRED ADLER

• BY SARAH CHOO-YICK TAMMY LEUNG

BY SARAH CHOO-YICK TAMMY LEUNG
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ALFRED ADLERAreas of Discussion

• The Life and Times of Alfred Adler
• The Big Break- Individual Psychology
• Important Theories
• Did you know?

Alfred Adler Lecturing in Berlin
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ALFRED ADLERBiography
Alfred Adler as a Student, age 15

• Born on February 7, 1870 in Penzing, Austria
• Second of six children was raised in Vienna in
  the suburbs
• Age of 5 developed pneumonia this life
  threatening experience motivated Adler to pursue
  medicine
• In 1895, received medical degree at University of
  Vienna here he met a group of social students
  his future wife, Raissa Timofeyewna Epstein, an
  intellect
• Married in 1897 and had four children

The Adlers' Country Home
Raissa Adler and the Children - Valentine,
Alexandra, Nelly, Kurt (About 1914)
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ALFRED ADLERBiography Contd

• He became a physician and had an office across
  from a circus in a lower-class part of Vienna
• He later turned to psychiatry as it related to
  physical/mental disorders
• In 1902 he met Sigmund Freud and they formed the
  Vienna Psychoanalytic Society where Adler was the
  president
• This led Freud to claim Adler as a disciple
• HE IS THE FOUNDER OF INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY
• He passed away May 28, 1937 in Aberdbeen,
  Scotland from a heart attack.

Alfred Adler With Raissa, Alexandra, and
Colleagues
Adler
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ALFRED ADLERThe Big Break-Individual Psychology

• Adler was influenced by the writings of Jan
  Smuts, a South African philosopher
• Smuts felt that in order to understand people,
• we have to understand them more as unified
  wholes than a collection of bits and pieces, and
  we have to understand them in the context of
  their environment, both physical and social.-
  Smuts
• This approach is called holism
• Adler categorized the idea that we see people as
  wholes as Individual Psychology
• Individual Psychology- a school of thought
  stressing the influence of inferiority feelings
  on human behavior
• Adler is different from other psychologist
  because he prefers to talk about lifestyle

Flyer for August, 1937 SeminarScheduled for the
Williams Institute in Berkeley,
CaliforniaProposed Western Headquarters for
Adler in the U.S.
Adler
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ALFRED ADLERTheory of Inferiority

• Need for self-esteem can be thought of as one of
  the social needs
• A persons sense of self-esteem depends on
  feedback from others
• The need and anxiety it produces was emphasized
  by Adler
• Everyone feels inferior to a certain degree, this
  motivates us to get better
• Common cause parental neglect
• 5 types of inferiority
• Physical
• Intellectual
• Psychological
• Social
• Economical
• 2 methods of coping with inferiority-gt
  inferiority complex, superiority complex
• to deal with inferiority, people either
  overcompensate by engaging in vocal behavior ,
  or become lazy, tentative, and helpless
• Overall the way people overcome inferiority
  provides the basis for their lifelong personality

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ALFRED ADLERTheory of Psychological Types

• All humans have unique lifestyles
• They include patterns of thinking, feeling,
  emotion, and behavior
• The 4 types of lifestyle
• Ruling Getting Avoiding
  Socially Useful

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ALFRED ADLERTheory of Childhood Development

• Parenting and childhood development influences
  ones personality
• Parental overpampering a child becomes spoiled
  and may fail to find love
• Parental neglect a child may lack confidence in
  their ability to complete tasks and attract love

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ALFRED ADLER- Childhood Developement
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ALFRED ADLERTheory of Sibling Rivalry

• Position in birth order could affect a childs
  development
• First born
• Case 1. May act out and misbehave to gain
  attention
• Case 2. Accept authority and conservative values
• Second born competitive need to catch up with
  the first born
• Youngest fail to become independent while having
  a high self-esteem due to pampering

Alfred Adler's Older Brother Sigmund
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ALFRED ADLER Sibling Rivalry- Birth Order Chart
(This table is a broad simplification of Adler's theory. ) (This table is a broad simplification of Adler's theory. ) (This table is a broad simplification of Adler's theory. )
POSITION FAMILY SITUATION CHILD'S CHARACTERISTICS
ONLY Birth is a miracle. Parents have no previous experience. Retains 200 attention from both parents. May become rival of one parent. Can be over-protected and spoiled. Likes being the center of adult attention. Often has difficulty sharing with peers. Prefers adult company and uses adult language.
OLDEST Dethroned by next child. Has to learn to share. Parent expectations are usually very high. Often given responsibility and expected to set an example. May become authoritarian or strict. Feels power is his right. Can become helpful if encouraged. May turn to the father after birth of the next child.
SECOND He has a pacemaker. There is always someone ahead. Is more competitive, wants to overtake older child. May become a rebel or try to outdo everyone. Competition can deteriorate into rivalry.
MIDDLE Is "sandwiched" in. May feel squeezed out of a position of privilege and significance. May be even-tempered, "take it or leave it" attitude. May have trouble finding a place or become a fighter of injustice.
YOUNGEST Has many mothers and fathers. Older children try to educate him. Never dethroned. Wants to be bigger than the others. May have huge plans that never work out. Can stay the "baby." Frequently spoiled.
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ALFRED ADLERTheory of Teleology and Fictional
Finalism

• Concept that we are drawn towards our goals, our
  purposes and our ideals
• Teleology acknowledges life is hard, uncertain,
  but always has room for change
• In relation to teleology is Fictional Finalism
• Hans Vaihinger, a philosopher, studied Fictions
  (partial truths)
• Finalism refers to teleology of it
• Fiction lies in the future and yet influences our
  behavior today
• Adler notes in the center of each of our
  lifestyles, there sits one of these fictions
• We behave as if the end of the world would be
  here tomorrow, as if we were sure what good and
  bad are all about, as if everything we see is as
  we see it- Adler

Adler
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ALFRED ADLER Timeline
1870 Birth of Alfred Adler on February 7th
1888 Adler begins study at the University of Vienna Medical School and receives medical degree in 1895
1897 Adler marries Raissa Timofeivna Epstein
1898 Adler sets up private practice in Vienna
1902 Sigmund Freud invites Adler to join the fledgling Vienna Psychoanalytic Society
1904 Adler publishes his most important article to date, The Physician as EducatorAdler converts from Judaism to Protestanism
1905 Publication of A Study of Organ Inferiority
1911 Adler is expelled from the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society Adler forms his own group called Society for Individual Psychology
1912 Publication of The Neurotic Constitution
1916 Adler is drafted as a military physician for World War I
1918 Adler is discharged from military service, begins emphasizing social feeling in his writings
1922 Publication of The Practice and Theory of Individual PsychologyAdler begins a consulting team in child guidance
1927 Publication of Understanding Human NatureAdler's first lecture-tour of the United States
1932 Adler becomes a professor at the Long Island College of Medicine
1933 Publication of Social Interest A Challenge to Mankind
1934 Austria is taken over by its fascists, and Adler's psycho-educational movement is suppressed
1935 Austria is annexed by Hitler's Nazi GermanyRaissa relocates to New York City and resumes living full-time with AdlerAdler becomes mentor to the young Abraham Maslow
1937 Death of Alfred Adler on May 28th, Aberdeen, Scotland
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1870 Birth of Alfred Adler on February 7th
1888 Adler begins study at the University of Vienna Medical School and receives medical degree in 1895
1897 Adler marries Raissa Timofeivna Epstein
1898 Adler sets up private practice in Vienna
1902 Sigmund Freud invites Adler to join the fledgling Vienna Psychoanalytic Society
1904 Adler publishes his most important article to date, The Physician as EducatorAdler converts from Judaism to Protestanism
1905 Publication of A Study of Organ Inferiority
1911 Adler is expelled from the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society Adler forms his own group called Society for Individual Psychology
1912 Publication of The Neurotic Constitution
1916 Adler is drafted as a military physician for World War I
1918 Adler is discharged from military service, begins emphasizing social feeling in his writings
1922 Publication of The Practice and Theory of Individual PsychologyAdler begins a consulting team in child guidance
1927 Publication of Understanding Human NatureAdler's first lecture-tour of the United States
1932 Adler becomes a professor at the Long Island College of Medicine
1933 Publication of Social Interest A Challenge to Mankind
1934 Austria is taken over by its fascists, and Adler's psycho-educational movement is suppressed
1935 Austria is annexed by Hitler's Nazi GermanyRaissa relocates to New York City and resumes living full-time with AdlerAdler becomes mentor to the young Abraham Maslow
1937 Death of Alfred Adler on May 28th, Aberdeen, Scotland
"The striving for personal power is a disastrous
delusion and poisons man's living together.
Whoever desires the human community must renounce
the striving for power over others. Alfred
Adler
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ALFRED ADLERBibliography
Psychology by Peter Gray Human Society by Fred
Jarman and Helmut Manzl Psychology An
Introduction by Josh R. Gerow The Marshall
Cavendish Encyclopedia of Personal
Relationships http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred
_Adler http//brainmeta.com/personality/adler.php
http//ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/hstein/
homepage.htm