Obliquity 23O 3O27O 98O 30O

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Obliquity 23O 3O 27O 98O 30O Mag Axis
12O -10O -0O -59O -47O
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jovians
primarily hydrogen secondarily helium
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H2
H/-
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Jupiter
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Jupiter
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Saturn
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Saturn
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Saturns Icy Rings
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Uranus
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Neptune
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Uranus
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Occultation
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Io Europa Ganymede Callisto
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Four Body Resonance What causes
resonances? differential gravity tidal
friction tidal evolution requires a lot of
time They have been orbiting Jupiter for a
very long time. not captured
synchronous rotation
Europa 84 hrs
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Io 42 hrs
73
21
Ganymede 168 hrs
Callisto 392 hrs
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Io
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Io
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Io
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Europa
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Europa
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Europa
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Europa
icy surface high density rocky interior
tidal heating from Io volcanic vents warm
ocean life?
smooth surface liquid ocean
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Tidal Heating
Io passes Europa. Then they pull the other way.
Moons distorted by differential
gravity. Synchronous Rotation
Stresses on Moons Try to Break Synchronous
Rotation
Io gains on Europa. Gravities become important as
they get closer.
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Tidal Heating
plasma torus
volcanic activity
magnetic field tilted 10º rotation wobbling
magnet induces electric current
synchrotron radiation deadly levels
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Ganymede
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Callisto
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Callisto
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Titan
looks bigger atmosphere hydrocarbon haze methane
ocean? methane icebergs? fuel? oxygen spark
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Titan
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Titan
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Titan
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three body systems
very complex special three body
systems Lagrange two massive bodies third
body low mass same orbital period
cant just put it 1au from sun suns gravity
Earths gravity always same direction unstable


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three body systems


L1
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Mimas
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Miranda
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Miranda
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Triton