Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms

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Engineering Concepts Chapter 4 Terms
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ABUTMENT

• The part of a structure
• that directly receives thrust
• or pressure.

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ARCH BRIDGE

• A bridge that uses long span arches for support.

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BEAM BRIDGE

• A bridge whose main structural element consists
  of a beam set across two or more vertical
  supporting members.

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BUCKLE

• Failure caused by bending, giving way, or
  crumpling due to excessive force.

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BRITTLE

• The description for a material which is neither
  ductile nor malleable and will fail suddenly
  without warning.

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COMPRESSION

• The effect of a force which tends to shorten an
  object in the direction of the force. For
  example, the towers of a suspension bridge are in
  compression.

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DEAD LOAD

• A permanent part of a structure. A dead load
  does not change over time.

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DENSITY

• Mass per unit volume.

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DYNAMIC LOAD

• A quick exertion of force such as an explosion,
  collision, etc.

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ELASTIC DEFORMATION RANGE

• A range during material testing where if the load
  is released the material will return to its
  initial size and shape.

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FIXTURE

• Apparatus used in manufacturing processes to
  assemble large pieces of material in a consistent
  fashion.

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FREE-BODY DIAGRAM

• A sketch of an object (body) of interest with all
  the surrounding objects stripped away and all of
  the forces acting on the object (body) shown.

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JIG

• Apparatus used in manufacturing processes to
  assemble or measure pieces of material in a
  consistent fashion, smaller than a fixture and
  can be moved.

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LIVE LOAD

• A load moving across or within a structure.

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MOMENT OF INERTIA

• An indication of the stiffness of a particular
  shape.  The higher the moment of inertia, the
  less the deflection.

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NEWTONS FIRST LAW

• (The Law of Inertia) Objects at rest tend to
  stay at rest, and objects in motion tend to stay
  in motion at a constant speed in a straight line
  unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

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NEWTONS SECOND LAW

• The net force acting on an object in a given
  direction is equal to the mass of the object
  multiplied by the acceleration of the object in
  the same direction as the net force.

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NEWTONS THIRD LAW

• The force of one object (object 1) acting on
  another object (object 2) is equal in magnitude
  and opposite in direction to the force of the
  second object acting upon the first.

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PLASTIC DEFORMATION RANGE

• A range during material testing where the
  material will not return to its initial size and
  shape.

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REACTIONS

• Reactions are passive forces that are induced at
  the supports of a structure.

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STATICS

• The study of objects in a state of equilibrium. 

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STATIC LOAD

• A load that accumulates over time.

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STRESS-STRAIN CURVE

• A graph of stress (on the y-axis) versus strain
  (on the x-axis) for materials under stress
  enables engineers to learn about the strength of
  material as it deforms elastically and
  plastically.

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SUSPENSION BRIDGE

• A bridge having a road or deck hung from a pair
  of steel cables, each carried by two towers, one
  at each bank e.g., the Golden Gate Bridge over
  San Francisco Bay.

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TENSION

• A situation in which force is applied to an
  object that stretches, expands or lengthens the
  object.

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TENSILE

• Of or relating to tension a tensile force is a
  force that serves to stretch, expand, or lengthen
  an object.

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TRUSS

• A large structural member that consists of many
  smaller parts, typically in a repeating pattern
  of geometric shapes.

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YIELD