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N A T I O N W I D E S L U M U P G R A D I N G
Moving to Scale Nationwide Slum Upgrading
www.citiesalliance.org
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N A T I O N W I D E S L U M U P G R A D I N G
Learning From Previous Successes Failures
50s 60s Urbanisation underway in LAC Demolitions and forced evictions common High rise, direct delivery for few.
70s Emergence of alternative delivery mechanisms Some site and service Land registration very limited.
80s Emergence of citywide nationwide programmes such as KIP (Indonesia) Sri Lanka (Million houses) Concerted upgrading in parts of Africa Ghana, Senegal, Tunisia and Morocco Increasing acceptance of in-situ upgrading.
90s Move to national programmes in Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia Favela Barrio in Rio de Janeiro South Africa moves to scale Major policy initiatives - City Summit Habitat Agenda (1996) UN global campaigns, Cities Alliance, Cities Without Slums Action Plan (1999).
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N A T I O N W I D E S L U M U P G R A D I N G
Latin America

• Most urbanised continent (72 )
• 32 of urban poor live in slums (14 of global)
• Major focus on inclusion and upgrading.

Africa

• Least urbanised continent (35) but fastest
  urbanising
• 72 of current urban population already in slums
• Weak policy frameworks local government.

Asia

• Most slum dwellers - 554m (60)
• Unprecedented urbanisation over next 30 years
• Progress in East Asia, slow in South Asia.

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N A T I O N W I D E S L U M U P G R A D I N G
Current Challenges

• 2003 CA Survey of Nationwide Upgrading
  Programmes
• In 2003, Cities Alliance undertook a survey to
  identify successful contemporary nationwide
  upgrading programmes. We studied nine countries

Brazil Chile México
Mauritania Morocco Tunisia South Africa
Thailand Vietnam
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N A T I O N W I D E S L U M U P G R A D I N G
Current Challenges

• Slums growing faster than response
• Urban poverty is deepening
• Limited policy response in Asia Africa
• Some positive trends in MENA
• Failure of the project approach
• Central importance of land issues transparency,
  tenure urban periphery
• Limited access to credit.

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Essential Ingredients of Nationwide Slum
Upgrading
N A T I O N W I D E S L U M U P G R A D I N G

• Consistent political leadership
• Set long term city national targets
• Core business on budget

Political Will

• Clear policy institutional frameworks
• Ensure open transparent land markets
• Prevent the growth of new slums.

Policy Reform

• Mobilise non-public sector resources
• Engage private sector as risk-sharing partner
• Slum dweller involvement investment

Leveraging of Resources
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N A T I O N W I D E S L U M U P G R A D I N G
www.citiesalliance.org
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N A T I O N W I D E S L U M U P G R A D I N G
Cities Alliance Slum Upgrading Portfolio
Completing 2003
México San Salvador Central America Gujarat policy Ahmedabad
Pipeline
São Paulo Manaus Cali Dar es Salaam Uganda Lagos Central/West Africa Sangli Hyderabad, Visak and AP towns Bombay
Current
Brazil Slum Upgrading Strategy Bahia São Paulo Chile Mozambique Nairobi India Sanitation CLIFF Ludhiana Chennai (land market) Iran Bombay/Manila/Durban Morocco Cambodia Vietnam