Which soil should we use to plant this garden?

1
Which soil should we use to plant this garden?
2
Background KnowledgePercolation Absorbency

• Percolation Rate
• Is the time it takes for water to flow from the
  top of the soil to the bottom of the soil. This
  is also called the drainage rate
• Absorbency
• Is how much water the soil can contain at any one
  moment.

3
Information

• For veggies to thrive in a garden, the soil must
  have
• An average percolation rate (that is, drain in a
  reasonable amount of time)
• And a high absorbency rate (ability to hold water
  without being soggy, and help the plants survive
  droughts).

4
Experiment 1 Percolation Rate

• Does the type of soil affect its percolation
  rate?
• Soils
• Top Soil, Sand, Clay Soil

5
What is the independent variable?
Type of soil
What is the dependent variable?

• The time it takes for the water
• to enter the soil, and for one
• drop to hit the beaker.

6
What is wrong with this procedure?
500ml
500ml
500ml
Trials 3 x
Top Soil 500ml
Sand 250ml
Clay Soil 500ml
2 minutes

30 seconds
5 minutes
.
Answer There are different amounts of soil, and
the student did not stop the stop watch at the
first drop for the sand.
7
Based on the data, what kind of graph would you
make and why?
500ml
500ml
500ml
Trials 3 x
Top Soil 500ml
Sand 250ml
Clay Soil 500ml
2 minutes

30 seconds
5 minutes
.

• The students would make a bar graph because
  they are comparing discontinuous data in their
  results (rate of percolation is the dependent
  variable).

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Graphing Format
Title
Dependent Variable
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
0
Bar graph used for discontinuous data

Y axis label
Independent Variable on X axis
Top Soil
Sand
Clay Soil
X axis label
9
What would the axis look like for this lab?
B.
A.
Percolation rate (Minutes)
Type of soil
Percolation Rate (minutes)
Type of soil
D
C.
Percolation Rate
Type of soil
Amount of water
Absorbency Rate
Answer B
10
Select an appropriate graph title

• Absorbency VS. Type of Soil
• Type of soil VS. Percolation Rate
• Percolation rate Vs. Type of Soil
• Amount of soil Vs. Percolation Rate

Answer C
11
What is wrong with this graph?
Percolation Rate Vs. Type of soil
5
4
2
1
0
Top Soil Sand Clay Soil
Type of Soils
This graph is missing a Y- Axis Label
Appropriate Scale
12
Experiment 2 Absorbancy Problem Statement

• Does the type of soil affect its ability to
  absorb water?
• Soils
• Top Soil, Sand, Clay Soil

13
What is the independent variable?
Type of soil

• What is the dependent variable?

The amount of water absorbed that is, the amount
of water that remains in the soil after it has
finished draining (amount poured amount that
drained out)
14
What is wrong with this procedure?
500ml
500ml
200ml
Trials Only One
Top Soil
Sand
Clay Soil
15 ml
10 ml
5 ml
The students did not start with the same amount
of water. The student did not explain how much
soil was used. The student failed to due more
than one trial. Due to these factors this lab is
NOT valid.
15
Based on the data, what kind of graph would you
make and why?
500ml
500ml
500ml
Top Soil
Sand
Clay Soil
15 ml
10 ml
5 ml
The students would make a bar graph because they
are comparing discontinuous data in their results
(amount absorbed is the dependent variable).
16
What would the axis look like for this lab?
B.
A.
Amount of water Absorbed
Type of soil
Amount of water Absorbed
Type of soil
D
C.
Type of soil
Type of soil
Type of garden
Amount of soil
Answer B
17
What is wrong with this graph?
300
100
50
0
Top Soil Sand Clay soil
Missing Graph Title Absorbency of water vs.
Type of Soil (ml) X-Label Type of soil Y-Label
Absorbency Rate of water (ml) Inappropriate
Scale 0-100-200-300-400- 500 Inappropriate scale
on the x-axis the bars need to be distance
apart
18
Make a graph based on the data collected
500ml
500ml
500ml
Top Soil
Sand
Clay Soil
150 ml
25 ml
250 ml
Do not forget to include a graph title, x-label,
y-label, point of origin, and make sure to use
an appropriate scale.
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Reliability

• What contributes to the reliability of an
  experiment?
• Consistency experiment is done the same way
  each time
• Repeatability experiment is done multiple times
  and the data is averaged
• Accuracy the data is carefully measured with
  minimal error
• Precision the data is close together few
  outliers

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Validity and Credibility

• What contributes to the validity of an
  experiment?
• If the data is consistent, accurate, and precise,
  and the results were repeated and averaged, then
  the results of the experiment are reliable. We
  say it was a fair, valid test.
• If the experiment was a fair or valid, then the
  conclusion is thought to be credible. We say our
  conclusion is credible and trustworthy.

21
Based on the two experiments, what soils would
you use to plant a garden, and why?

• Absorbancy Averaged Data
• Top Soil 75 ml
• Sandy Soil 30 ml
• Clay Soil 110 ml
• Write a Conclusion.
• Make sure to base your results on the data
  collected.
• Was this experiment valid and credible? Why?
• Make sure to write only in third person.

22
Sixth Grade Content Review

• Concepts
• What is the central concept that makes tectonic
  plates move, creates weather fronts, and causes
  global winds?
• Density differences caused by heat in the earth
  or heat from the sun, that creates convection
  currents.
• What is the force that keeps us from falling off
  Earth, keeps Earth revolving around the Sun, and
  makes cooler magma move toward the core of the
  Earth?
• Gravity

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Sixth Grade Content Review

• Biomes
• What are the primary factors that determine where
  plants live?
• Temperature
• Precipitation
• Light (sunshine)
• Animals
• Human Development
• Food
• ( Temperature DEPENDS on Light!!!)
• What is the ONE most important factor that
  determines where animals live?
• Temperature
• Shelter
• Light
• Food

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Sixth Grade Content Review

• What is the structure of the interior of the
  Earth?
• 1) Crust/lithosphere
• 2) Mantle
• Asthenosphere is a plastic-like solid, has
  convection currents that drag tectonic plates
  around on surface)
• Mesosphere is solid, hotter

3) Outer core is liquid iron and nickel, likely
has convection currents, very hot 4) Inner core
is solid iron and nickel, extremely hot. Spins
independently of the Earth itself and generates
Earths magnetic field.
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Sixth Grade Content Review

• Geology
• Describe what is happening in this diagram

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Sixth Grade Content Review

• Geology
• What makes tectonic plates move?
• Earthquakes
• Volcanoes
• Rotation of the Earth
• Convection in the mantle
• Atmospheric convection
• What is a tsunami?
• An underwater earthquake
• A wave created by an underwater earthquake
• A wave created by a convection current
• A wave created when an earthquake on land pushes
  the shore

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Sixth Grade Content Review

• Weather
• What is the difference between a hurricane and a
  tornado?
• Only size and where it gets its energy a
  hurricane is a large rotational weather mass
  getting its energy from the warm waters of the
  equatorial region, while a tornado is a smaller
  rotational weather mass getting its energy from
  heated earth and moisture over land.