??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? How Pathogens Attack Plants - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Title:

??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? How Pathogens Attack Plants

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Title: Slide 1 Author: User Last modified by: Ayman Created Date: 9/26/2005 9:24:55 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show Company: HOME Other titles – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? How Pathogens Attack Plants


1
??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????How
Pathogens Attack Plants
?????????
2
  • ??????????????????
  • ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????
    ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????.
  • ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???
    ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??
    ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????
    ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??
    ???????? (?????? ? ????? .....).
  • ? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????
    ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????.

?????????
3
  • ? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????
    ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???
    ?????? ? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? Host.
  • ? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????
    ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????????
    ?????? ??????? ?????? Obligate Parasites
  • ? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????
    ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????
    ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????.
  • ? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???
    ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????
    ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???
    ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????.
  • ? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??
    ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????
    ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????
    ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????

?????????
4
  • ? ? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???
    ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???
    ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????
    ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??
    ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????
    ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???.
  • ? ? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????
    ????? ????? ?????? ???????.

?????????
5
???? ???????? ??????????
  • ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ? ?????????? ?
    ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????
    ???????? ???????.
  • ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?????
    ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??
    ??????.

??? ?????? ???? ??????
?????????
6
??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????
  • ? ? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????
    ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???.
  • ? ? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ????
    ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????
    Bulblike ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? Appressorium
    ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????
    ??? ?????.

?????????
7
  • ?? ? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????
    ????? ?????? Penetration Pegs ???? ????? ???
    ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????
    ??????.
  • 1 ? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ????
    ??????.
  • 2 ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????
    ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????
    ???????.
  • ? ? ??? ???? ??? Penetration Pegs ??? ????????
    ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????
    ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????
    ???? ??? ?????.

8
?????? ?????????? ??????
  • ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? Stylet
    ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????
    ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????
    ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????.
    ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??????
    ??? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????
    ?????.

?????????
9
?????????
10
?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????
  • ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????????
    ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????
    ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????
    ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????
    ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????
    Polysaccharides???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????
    ????? ??????

?????????
11
  • ????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????
    ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??
    ???? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??
    ??????.
  • ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???
    ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????
    ?????. ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????
    ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????
    ??? ????.

?????????
12
  • ??? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????
    ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???????
    ????? ?????? ?? ??????.
  • ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????
    Isozymes ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????
    ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????????
    ???????.

?????????
13
?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????
  • ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????
    ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????
    ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ??? ??????
    ????? ?? ?????? ???. ?????????? ????? ?? ?????
    Cutin ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???.
  • ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???
    ????? ?????? Epidermis .

?????????
14
  • ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????
    (???????????) ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????????
    ??? ???????? ? ??????? ? ??????????? ? ????????
    ?????? ??????? ??????.
  • ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??
    ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????
    ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????

?????????
15
? ? ????? ?????? Cuticular Wax
  • ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??
    ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ??
    ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????.
  • ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ???
    ???????? ??????? ??? Puccnia hordei ?????
    ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????????
    ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????
    ????? ??????????

?????????
16
? ? ????? ??????? Cutin
  • ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????
    ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????
    ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??
    ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????
    Polyester of C16 and C18 hydroxy fatty acids
    ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????
    ????? ??????? ??? Cutinases ??? ?????? ??? ?????
    ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? Monomers ??????
    Oligomers (??? ????? ?? ????????) ?? ??????
    ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????.

?????????
17
  • ??? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ????
    ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??
    ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????
    ((Monomers ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???
    ????????? Cutinase gene?????? ?????? ???? ?
    ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????.
  • ????? ??????? ??????

?????????
18
?????????
19
  • ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????
    ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ????
    ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??????????
    ???????? ??? ??????.
  • ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ???
    ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????
    ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? Germ Tube
    ??? Infection Peg ??? Appressorium ???????? ????
    ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????
    ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????
    ???? ?????? ?? ???????.

?????????
20
  • ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????
    ?????????? ?????Cutinase deficient mutants
    ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????
    ????? ??? Cutinase ??? ??? ??????.
  • ??? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????
    ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ????
    ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????
    ????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???????.
  • ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??
    ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????.

?????????
21
???????? ????????? Pectic Substances
  • ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???
    ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????. ??? ?? ???
    ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???
    ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ???
    ???????????? (??????? ???????) ??????????.
    ????????? ????????? ????? ?? Polysaccharides
    ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? Galacturonan ?????
    ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? Rhamnose ??????
    ?????? ????? ?? ??? Galacturonan ???? ????????
    ????????. ????? ????????? ??????? ????????
    ????????? ???? Pectolytic enzymes or Pectinases

?????????
22
  • ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????
    ???? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??? ????
    ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????
    ???????Galacturonan monomers, dimers and
  • ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????
    ????????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? Substrate
    induction ????? ?? ???? ??? Galacturonan monomers
    ?????. ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????
    ??????.
  • ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????????
    ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????
    ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????
    ?? ????????? ????????.

?????????
23
  • ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????
    ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??
    ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????
    ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????.
  • ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????
    ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????
    ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???
    ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????. ?????
    ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????
    ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????
    ??????.
  • ???? ????????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ??????
    ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????

?????????
24
???????????? Cellulose
  • ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????
    ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ????? ??
    ?????? ???? Polysaccharides .
  • ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????
    ?? ???? Microfibirils .
  • ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? 12 ??
    ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ? 50 ?? ???????
    ??????? ? 90 ?? ????? ?????.
  • ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? Cellulolytic
    enzymes ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????
    ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????.

?????????
25
  • ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????
    ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????
  • ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????
    ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????
    ??????? ?? ???? ?????.
  • ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ????
    ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???
    ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???.
  • ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????
    ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????
    ????? ???????? ???? ??????.

?????????
26
?????????
27
?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????Microbial Toxins
in Plant Diseases
  • ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???
    ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????.
  • ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??
    ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????.
  • ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????
    ?? ??????.
  • ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????
    ???????? ????.
  • ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????
    ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????
    ???????? ???? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?????????.
  • ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????
    ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????
    ????????.

?????? ??????? ????????
28
?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????
???? ?????? Tabtoxin ?????? Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? Wildfire disease of tobacco
???? ?????? Phaseolotoxin ?????? P. syringae pv phaseolicola ????? ??????? ?? ?????????.
???? ?????? Tentoxin ????? Alternaria alternata ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????
???? ??? ?????? Fumaric acid ????? Rhizopus spp ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????
???? ??? ?????? Oxalic acid Sclerotinia spp , Sclerotium spp ????? ????????
???? ??? ?????? ? Alternaric acid , Alternariol , Zinniol ????? ????? Alternaria ?????? ????? ??????
???? ??? ?????? Pyricularin ????? Pyriculria Oryzae ?????? ?? ????? Rice blast
???? ??? ?????? Cercosporin ????? ?? ????? Cercospora spp ??????
???? ??? ?????? Fusaric acid and Lycomarasmin ????? Fusarium oxysporum ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????
???? ??? ?????? Syringomycin ???????? P. Syringae pv. Syringae ?????? ??????? Leaf spots ?? ?????? ?? ????????
???? ??? ?????? Tagetitoxin ???????? P. Syringae pv. tagetis ?????? ????? ???????
?????? ??????? ????????
29
???????????????? Auxins
  • ????? ?????? Indol 3 acetic acid ?? ???????
    ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????
    ? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????
    ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????
    Indol 3 acetic acid oxidase ??? ?????? ????
    ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????
    ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????.

?????? ??????? ????????
30
????? IAA ??? ??????
  • 1 ? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????.
  • 2 ? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????.
  • 3 ? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????.
  • 4 ? ???? ????? mRNA ???????? ????? ????????
    ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? Structural
    Proteins
  • ????? ????? ??? IAA ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????
    ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????
    ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????
    ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? IAA

?????? ??????? ????????
31
  • ???????
  • ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? Corn Smut
    (????? Ustilago maydis) ??????? ???????? ??
    ??????? ???? ?????? ?????Phytophthora infestance
    ????? ?????? ?? ????? (?????F.oxysporum f.sp.
    cubenses ) ??????????? Meloidogyne spp ???????
    ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? IAA
    ?? ????? ??????

?????? ??????? ????????
32
  • ??? ??? IAA ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???
    ??? ?? ????????? Pseudomonas solanacerum ???????
    ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????
    ????? ???? 100??? ??? ????? ??????? ????????
    ???????. ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???
    ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? IAA
    ???? ?? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??? ?? ?????
    ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????
    ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????
    ??? IAA ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??
    ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????
    ???????? ??????.

?????? ??????? ????????
33
  • ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????
    ????? IAA ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????
    ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????.
  • ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??
    ???????? Agrobacterium tumefaciens ?? ???????
    ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????
    ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??
    ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??????? ???????
    ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????
    ???????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????
    ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????
    ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? DNA ????????
    ???????? ?? ??? Plasmid ??????? tumor-DNA ((tDNA

?????? ??????? ????????
34
  • ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????
    ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???
    ?? DNA ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? (tDNA)
    ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? DNA ???? tDNA
    protein complex ???????? ???? ??? DNA ????????
    ??? ?? ??? DNA ?????? ?? ?????? (?????????) ?????
    ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????
    ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????
    ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????????.

?????? ??????? ????????
35
  • ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????
    ?? IAA ? ??????????? Cytokinin ??????? ?? ???????
    ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????
    ???????? ?? ??? tDNA ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???
    ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???
    ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?? IAA , cytokinin.

?????? ??????? ????????
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