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Physical Features

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Rivers Nile, Chad,Congo,Niger Deserts Sahara, Kalahari Mts.Atlas- (NW), Drakensberg(SE) Rainforest West Africa Savanna Remember!!! Sahel&Desertification – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Physical Features


1
Physical Features
"The Dark Continent"
Rivers Nile, Chad,Congo,Niger
Deserts Sahara, Kalahari
Mts.Atlas- (NW), Drakensberg(SE)
Rainforest West Africa Savanna
Remember!!! SahelDesertification
2
Physical
  • Largest Land Mass
  • 3X the size of US

Resources
  • Petroleum,gold, copper, diamonds, cotton, coffee,
    peanuts, lumber

3
  • Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali, Songhai
  • Ruled by Pharaohs kings
  • Established trade routes ( Med. Sea, Red Sea,
    etc.)
  • Trade of Gold and Salt

4
Egypt
  • 3100 B.C.-56 B.C.
  • Nile River Valley
  • Hieroglyphics, Mummification, Pyramids, Temples,
    Mathematics

5
Kush
  • First African Civilization after Egypt
  • 1700-1500 B.C.
  • Major Trading center of Gold
  • Polytheistic, shared Egyptian Gods

Kush
6
Ghana
  • Earliest West African Civilization
  • Land of Gold
  • Brought Necessary salt and gold between North and
    South Africa

7
Songhai
  • Niger River Valley in W. Africa
  • Fishing and Trading Civilization
  • Accepted Islam from the North in Mali

8
___
  • Mansa Musa brought Islam to Mali
  • Timbuktu was a center of education, literature,
    arts
  • Pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324

9
Traits Beliefs
  • Matrilineal vs. Patrileneal
  • Ancestor worship/ lineage/ clans
  • 7th century Islam overcomes Christianity

10
_________
  • Self-Sufficient Villages
  • Tribal Communities
  • No Central Government

Religion
  • Animism-All living and non-living things have a
    spirit
  • Monotheistic
  • Ancestor Worship

11
Impact of Age of Exploration
  • Slave Trade (Triangular Trade, Middle Passage)
  • Colombian exchange
  • Social upheaval,violence
  • Political realignments

12
(No Transcript)
13
_________ ____
  • 1700s
  • An exchange of raw materials, finish products,
    medicine, slaves among 4 continents

14
Imperialism
  • After Belgium claimed the Congo sets off scramble
    for Africa
  • By 1914 only Liberia Ethiopia remain independent

15
__________
  • 1600-1700s Dutch found trading posts
  • Scramble for Africa
  • 1884 Berlin Conference
  • European Countries met to divide up the
    continent of Africa
  • European boundaries disregarding tribal borders

16
__________
  • Causes
  • Industrialization-Need for raw materials and
    markets
  • Social Darwinism-Belief that the strongest race
    would survive
  • White Mans Burden-It was the white mans
    responsibility to civilize and enlighten the
    Africans
  • Missionaries-Covert people to Christianity

17
South Africa
Boer War
  • British defeat Boers (Dutch Farmers)
  • The Union of South Africa is formed as a British
    Commonwealth
  • Becomes independent in 1961 as Republic of South
    Africa

18
Apartheid
  • Government policy of total separation of races
  • Began under Boers continued after British rule
  • 1913 Native Land Act forbade blacks to own land
    outside reservations

19
  • 1950 Groups Area Act- divided 13 of land among
    blacks the rest reserved for whites (17 of the
    population)
  • 1913 African National Congress formed began
    fighting segregation

20
  • Leaders of anti-Apartheid movement

Desmond TuTu
Nelson Mandela
21
______
  • Served about 30 yrs in prison
  • Mandela became the countries first black
    president 1994
  • Fought to end apartheid

22
______ ___
  • Peaceful resistance
  • Noble Peace Prize Winner 1984
  • equal civil rights for all
  • the abolition of South Africa's passport laws
  • a common system of education
  • the cessation of forced deportation from South
    Africa to the so-called "homelands"

23
End of Apartheid
  • International economic pressure
  • 1989 reform minded F.W. De Klerk frees Mandela
    and The ANC is legalized
  • In 1992 white voters abolished apartheid
  • 1994-first black election

24
African Nationalism Pan Africanism
  • Nationalist movements were led by educated elite
    (anti imperialist)
  • Focused on human rights self rule
  • Most nations achieved independence in 1950s
    60s
  • Conflicts among neighbors made Pan Africanism
    difficult

25
Negritude Movement
  • Movement to celebrate African culture, heritage,
    and values
  • Led by Leopold Senghor- the First President of
    Senegal
  • Jomo Kenyatta-Kenyan Nationalist
  • Kwame Nkrumah-Independence leader

26
Africa Today
  • Severe Economic Problems
  • Government Corruption
  • Rely on Cash Crops and corporate investments
  • Non-aligned
  • Desertification and overuse of land

27
_____ ________
  • Rwanda
  • 1994 Genocide of Tutsi population by the Hutus
    and supported by the government
  • More than 500,000 people died in a few months
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