Status of the Development of a Tropospheric Ozone Product from OMI Measurements

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Status of the Development of a Tropospheric Ozone
Product from OMI Measurements
Jack Fishman1, Jerald R. Ziemke2,3, Sushil
Chandra2,3, Amy E. Wozniak1,4,5 and John K.
Creilson1,4 1NASA Langley Research Center 2NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center 3Goddard Earth
Science and Technology Center, University of
Maryland Baltimore County 4SAIC International
Inc. 5Also at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
10th OMI Science Team Meeting KNMI DeBilt,
Netherlands 16 June 2005
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Heritage of Tropospheric Ozone from Satellites
Separate Stratosphere from Troposphere to Compute
Tropospheric Ozone Residual (TOR)
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Other Data Sets Are Required To Separate
Tropospheric Ozone from Total Ozone Measurements
From Original Proposal

• Previous Studies
• SAGE Good Vertical Resolution Poor Spatial
  Coverage
• HALOE Good Vertical Resolution Poor Spatial
  Coverage
• MLS Vertical Resolution Only gt68 mb
  Relatively Good Spatial Coverage
• Only One Archived Layer below 100 mb
• SBUV Poor Vertical Resolution Good Spatial
  Coverage Archived Layers 1000253 mb
  253-126 mb 126-63 mb Stratospheric
  Fields Generated from 5 Days of Data
• Tropopause Heights Archived Gridded Data Sets
  2.5 x 2.5
• For Aura Studies
• HIRDLS 4 latitude x 5 longitude
• Tropopause Heights Use Assimilated Data from
  DAO
• Possible Use of OMI Vertical Profiles Averaged
  Over Each Orbit
• Derive Tropospheric Ozone Using Convective Cloud
  Differential Methodology

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SAGE/TOMS Tropospheric Ozone Residual (TOR)
Seasonal Depictions
Dobson Units
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Seasonal Depictions of Climatological
Tropospheric Ozone Residual (TOR) 1979-2000
December - February
March - May
September - November
June - August
Dobson Units (DU)
from Fishman, Wozniak, Creilson, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 3, 2003
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Comparison of TOMS/SAGE TOR with TOMS/SBUV TOR
Regional Enhancements Not Previously Seen Now
Found
TOMS/SAGE TOR June-July-August Climatology
(1979-1991)
TOMS/SBUV TOR June-July-August Climatology
(1979-1991)
Dobson Units (DU)
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Measurement of Ozone Precursors such as Nitrogen
Dioxide (NO2) on Aura will Provide Important
Information that Should Lead to a New
Understanding of the Origin and Distribution of
Global Ozone (Smog) Pollution
Tropospheric Ozone Residual (Jun-Aug Climatology)
Integrated Tropospheric Ozone (Dobson Units)
Fishman et al. 2003, ACP, 3, 1453
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Other Data Sets Are Required To Separate
Tropospheric Ozone from Total Ozone Measurements

• Previous Studies
• SAGE Good Vertical Resolution Poor Spatial
  Coverage
• HALOE Good Vertical Resolution Poor Spatial
  Coverage
• MLS Vertical Resolution Only gt68 mb
  Relatively Good Spatial Coverage
• Only One Archived Layer below 100 mb
• SBUV Poor Vertical Resolution Good Spatial
  Coverage Archived Layers 1000253 mb
  253-126 mb 126-63 mb Stratospheric
  Fields Generated from 5 Days of Data
• Tropopause Heights Archived Gridded Data Sets
  2.5 x 2.5
• For Aura Studies
• HIRDLS 4 latitude x 5 longitude
• Tropopause Heights Use Assimilated Data from
  DAO
• Possible Use of OMI Vertical Profiles Averaged
  Over Each Orbit

9
HIRDLS Daily Profile Coverage Will Provide
Sufficient Information to Derive 3-Dimensional
Stratospheric Ozone Distribution Down to 1 km
Below Tropopause
Current SBUV Daily Resolution
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Other Data Sets Are Required To Separate
Tropospheric Ozone from Total Ozone Measurements

• Previous Studies
• SAGE Good Vertical Resolution Poor Spatial
  Coverage
• HALOE Good Vertical Resolution Poor Spatial
  Coverage
• MLS Vertical Resolution Only gt68 mb
  Relatively Good Spatial Coverage
• Only One Archived Layer below 100 mb
• SBUV Poor Vertical Resolution Good Spatial
  Coverage Archived Layers 1000253 mb
  253-126 mb 126-63 mb Stratospheric
  Fields Generated from 5 Days of Data
• Tropopause Heights Archived Gridded Data Sets
  2.5 x 2.5
• For Aura Studies
• HIRDLS 4 latitude x 5 longitude HIRDLS
  Data Not Available Using MLS Data
• Tropopause Heights Use Assimilated Data from
  DAO
• Possible Use of OMI Vertical Profiles Averaged
  Over Each Orbit

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Daily Product Derived from OMI/MLS (Plotted as
average volume mixing ratio)
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Monthly Product Derived from OMI/MLS (Plotted as
average volume mixing ratio)
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Other Data Sets Are Required To Separate
Tropospheric Ozone from Total Ozone Measurements

• Previous Studies
• SAGE Good Vertical Resolution Poor Spatial
  Coverage
• HALOE Good Vertical Resolution Poor Spatial
  Coverage
• MLS Vertical Resolution Only gt68 mb
  Relatively Good Spatial Coverage
• Only One Archived Layer below 100 mb
• SBUV Poor Vertical Resolution Good Spatial
  Coverage Archived Layers 1000253 mb
  253-126 mb 126-63 mb Stratospheric
  Fields Generated from 5 Days of Data
• Tropopause Heights Archived Gridded Data Sets
  2.5 x 2.5
• For Aura Studies
• HIRDLS 4 latitude x 5 longitude HIRDLS
  Data Not Available Using MLS Data
• Tropopause Heights Use Assimilated Data from
  DAO
• Use Ozone from NOAAs GFS (Global Forecast
  System) Model
• Possible Use of OMI Vertical Profiles Averaged
  Over Each Orbit

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OMI on Aura
Total O3 from OMI
Calculate TOR Product at t0
GFS Model Run at t0-24 to Forecast Stratospheric
Column O3 for t0
Providing Guidance Products to Air Quality
Forecasters
TOR at t0
Isolate Hot Spots and Run Trajectory Ensemble
with NOAAs HYSPLIT
SCO at t0-24
SCO at t0
Generate Guidance Product for t024
Disseminate Guidance Product to Air Quality
Forecasters
TOR at t024
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OMI Total Ozone 5-8 Nov 2004
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GFS Model Output SCO (100 -10 hPa) 4-8 Nov 2004
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Calculated TOR 4-8 Nov 2004
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HYSPLIT Forward Trajectories Show High TOR on 6-7
November May Have Come from Fire Emissions
Several Days Earlier
TOR - 6 Nov
TOR - 7 Nov
Preliminary Results Encouraging! Much More
Analysis Still Needed!
MODIS Aerosol 5 Nov
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Comparison of TOR Products
OMI/GFS TOR
OMI/MLS TOR
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Weekly OMI/GFS TOR for March
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Weekly OMI/GFS TOR for April
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Weekly OMI/GFS TOR for May
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Daily OMI/GFS TOR for May
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Use of Complete GFS Product Should Improve TOR
Current Calculations Use O3 from GFS 10hPa-100hPa
Public Release GFS Climatology
Native GFS
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Other Data Sets Are Required To Separate
Tropospheric Ozone from Total Ozone Measurements

• Previous Studies
• SAGE Good Vertical Resolution Poor Spatial
  Coverage
• HALOE Good Vertical Resolution Poor Spatial
  Coverage
• MLS Vertical Resolution Only gt68 mb
  Relatively Good Spatial Coverage
• Only One Archived Layer below 100 mb
• SBUV Poor Vertical Resolution Good Spatial
  Coverage Archived Layers 1000253 mb
  253-126 mb 126-63 mb Stratospheric
  Fields Generated from 5 Days of Data
• Tropopause Heights Archived Gridded Data Sets
  2.5 x 2.5
• For Aura Studies
• HIRDLS 4 latitude x 5 longitude HIRDLS
  Data Not Available Using MLS Data
• Tropopause Heights Use Assimilated Data from
  DAO Using Information from NOAAs GFS
• Possible Use of OMI Vertical Profiles Averaged
  Over Each Orbit Not Tried Yet

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Validation of Measurements Challenging
Stratospheric Column Ozone Derived from SBUV
Agrees with SCO Derived from SAGE Profiles and
with Available Ozonesonde Measurements
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Tropospheric Ozone from OMI Where are we?
Proposed HIRDLS to Provide Stratospheric O3
Profiles 2 km resolution Actual Using MLS
Data to Derive TOR Challenge Accuracy of Lower
Stratospheric Data at Mid-latitudes Proposed
Use DAO to Provide Tropopause Heights Actual
Using GFS to Determine Stratospheric O3 and
Tropopause Heights Challenges GFS O3 not
user-friendly O3 calculated only from 100 hPa
to 10 hPa initially using climatology to
complete SCO Proposed Use OMI Vertical
Profiles to Calculate SCO Actual Have not
tried to obtain OMI stratospheric profiles
(availability?) Study using SBUV shows good
agreement with SAGE O3sondes Proposed Use
Convective Cloud Differential Technique Actual
Preliminary results
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Tropospheric Ozone from OMI Using CCD Method
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Unforeseen Developments

• Use of Satellite Data to Calculate Tropospheric
  Data in Near-Real-Time
• Successfully demonstrated for MODIS to calculate
  aerosol data
• Derivation of Tropospheric Ozone Directly from
  OMI Satellite Measurement
• Validation Extremely Difficult for
  Troposphere

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Direct Measurement of Tropospheric Ozone from
GOME Recently Demonstrated
(Data Courtesy of K. Chance, SAO)
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Comparison of Tropospheric Ozone Derived Directly
from GOME with TOMS/SBUV TOR
GOME (Data Courtesy of K. Chance, SAO)
TOMS/SBUV TOR
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Validation! Validation! Validation! Extremely
Difficult for Troposphere Sensitivity of
Backscatter Signal in Lower Troposphere Direct
Underflights from Aircraft Can never be
completely synchronous Climatological
Comparisons How meaningful for near-real-time
comparisons?
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How do we validate TOR measurements?
Comparison of TOR with O3 from UV-DIAL during
TRACE-A Transit Flight
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One Last Thought Patience! Were still a
long way from where we would like to be How
good did TOMS data look in 1979? OMI data will
evolve