ELECTRICAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS: ACTUAL SITUATION AND PERSPECTIVES FOR DISTRIBUTED GENERATION

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ELECTRICAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS ACTUAL
SITUATION AND PERSPECTIVES FOR DISTRIBUTED
GENERATION
Alessandro BERTANI CESI Milano, I
Claudio BOSSI CESI Milano, I
Bruno DELFINO University of Genoa, I
Norbert LEWALD Stadtwerke Karlsruhe, D
Stefano MASSUCCO University of Genoa, I
Elmar METTEN MVV Energie AG, D
Tim MEYER Fraunhofer ISE, D
Federico SILVESTRO University of Genoa, I
Irena WASIAK Technical University of Lodz, PL
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DISPOWERDistributed Generation with high
penetration of renewable energy sources project
n NNE5-2001-00075
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Work package descriptions

• WP 1 Grid stability and control
• WP 2 Power quality and safety
• WP 3 Socio-economic issues
• WP 4 Planning, training and operation tools for
  regional supply systems
• WP 5 Information, communication and electricity
  trading
• WP 6 Test facilities for grid stability and
  control
• WP 7 Implementation of RE technology for
  regional supply systems
• WP 8 Test facilities for power quality in DG
  grids
• WP 9 Operation and quality management tools in
  low voltage grids
• WP 10 Pilot installations and monitoring of
  distributed power generators in low voltage grids
• WP 11Overall assessment of DG in local power
  supply systems

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Work Package 1 2

• Work Package 1 (Grid stability and control) is
  intended to develop equipment and system models
  capable of ensuring effective and economical
  operation of electrical networks with high
  penetration of distributed renewable energy
  sources.
• Work Package 2 (Power quality and safety) will
  identify new standard requirements for grid
  connection of decentralized power generators with
  particular attention to islanding operation
  problems and the development of innovative
  protection methodologies and systems.

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Work Package 3 4 5

• Work Package 3 (Socio-economic issues) is
  oriented to evaluate the influence of new
  communication technologies and distributed
  networks on the development of supply,
  consumption and distribution of electricity.
• Work Package 4 (Planning, training and
  operational tools for regional supply systems)
  aims at adapting existing tools for planning,
  design, operation of distributed generation
  systems.
• Work Package 5 (Information, communication and
  electricity trading) will develop an
  internet-based information network for fast and
  secure data exchange and management.

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Work Package 6 7

• Work Package 6 (Test facilities for stability and
  control) The new concepts developed in the
  previous work packages need to be tested in the
  partners laboratories. Test sites will include
  distributed generators and communication
  facilities.
• Work Package 7 (Implementation of renewable
  energy technology for regional supply systems)
  will elaborate scenarios of long term
  perspectives for distributed generation in
  Europe. Both interconnected grids and weak and/or
  isolated networks will be considered.

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Work Package 8 9

• Work Package 8 (Test facilities for power quality
  in DG grids) will realize a flexible low voltage
  grid structure. The scope is to evaluate
  different scenarios for the implementation of
  distributed energy sources and energy storage
  devices. A test facility with over 200 kW of
  installed power is already under development at
  CESI (Milano, Italy).
• Work Package 9 (Operation and quality management
  tools in low voltage grids) will develop a Power
  Operation and Power Quality management system
  which will be used to control energy flows and
  power quality in low voltage grids with concepts
  allowing for use of low cost equipment.

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Work Package 10 11

• Work Package 10 (Pilot installations and
  monitoring of distributed power generators in low
  voltage grids) Experimental sites will be
  realized for the testing of distributed
  generators at low voltage level. Actually
  installed pilot sites are expected to be used at
  MVV (Dannenberg, Germany), at Iberdrola (San
  Agustin del Guadalix, Spain), at Stadtwerke
  (Karlsruhe, Germany).
• Work Package 11 (Overall assessment of DG in
  local supply systems) will coordinate the
  presentation and dissemination of results through
  publications and workshops.

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Power Quality Operation and Management
systemPOMS

• PoMS is a communication infrastructure and
  optimisation tool for low voltage grids which is
  expected to perform power quality monitoring and
  control and to optimize grid operation through
  distributed generation control and demand side
  load management
• A PoMS system implementation consists of a
  central PoMS unit and a communication
  infrastructure, which connects DG and measurement
  units to PoMS.

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Power Quality Operation and Management
systemPOMS

• collect information about topology situation and
  power quality
• provide local strategies for power quality and
  security improvement
• generates schedules for economically (cost) and
  technically (power quality) optimised operation
  of controllable generators and loads

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National Grid Structures

• Within the first activities of WP 2 and WP 9 in
  DISPOWER, an overview of different network
  structures (Italy, Spain, UK, Germany, Poland)
  and a preliminary classification has been
  performed.
• The aim is to find solutions and concepts that
  can be applied easily to a certain class of
  systems.
• Thus, a detailed description of the Low Voltage
  grids has been started by collecting the
  following information/ parameters.

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National Grid Structure
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Operating criteria
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Equipment and automation
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Load types and characteristics
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LV network classification
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Possible networks for the DISPOWER goals 7
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Test sites

• Within DISPOWER, four test sites will be set up
  in order to evaluate the performances of active
  networks and the POMS strategies.
• A test Facility will be installed at CESI, Milan
• MVV Energie AG will build up a solar settlement
  at the location Querdeich, Dannenberg, Germany
• The IBERDROLA Technology Demonstration Centre
  (TDC) near Madrid
• As a fourth test site, Stadtwerke Karlsruhe
  Germany, SWK

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CESI test site
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Test facility structure
The topology grid and distributed resources
configuration can be changed using control
command to the transfer switches interconnection
board.
DISH STIRLING
Hybrid PV system
MCFC ?T
?T 1
?T 2
PEM
REDOX
FLY WHEEL
VARIABLE LOAD
LOADS FIELD
Der. 1
Der. 2
Der. 3
BIOMASS
VARIABLE LOAD
PoMS
Meters
LOAD BUS-BAR
Synchronism unit
BUS-BAR 2
BUS-BAR 1
LV Transfer switches board
TELE-CONTROLLED SWITCHES INTERFACE PROTECTIONS
800 kVA
800 kVA
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Test facility Solar Dish Stirling (1)
CESI Eurodish European Dish Stirling solar
generator system (3rd prototype in the
world) based on the SOLO 161 Stirling motor
parabolic concentrator, 8.5 m diameter, 56
m² 2000 suns, temperature 800C Two axis
tracking azimuth elevation 10 kWe 400 Vac 3
phase Asynchronous alternator grid connected
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Electrolyte tanks
Test facility Vanadium Redox Battery (1)
42 kW 84 kWh
Stack Nominal Voltage 125 V Maximum Current 500
A Operative Voltage 100 155 V Number of cells
100 Manufacturer SUMITOMO
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CESI Test facility Wireless communication
Wireless bridge AIRONET from Cisco up to 20 km
with special antenna, data connection speed from
1 to 11 Mb/s. Protocol is IEEE 802.11
(named Wi-Fi) Units must be provided with PCMCIA
or PCI cards Already used to interface PV hybrid
system and Solar Dish Stirling with their remote
control sites.
antenna
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Pilot Installation MVV Solar
Settlement Querdeich
6.64 kWp thin film PV system First office
building inaugurated in July 2002 Integrated
energy concept Biomass district heating
distributed generation

• Goals of pilot installation
• Demonstrate high (premium) power quality in LV
  grids with high penetration of decentralised
  generation
• Develop measuring concepts for pilot
  installations, having future massive distributed
  generation in mind
• Demonstrate remote monitoring and control of
  representative pilot installation sites

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Pilot Installation MVV Current Concept

• LV grid - 400 kVA-Transformer station
  20/0,4kV- open-ring/ closed ring operation
• Loads- private houses - office building -
  assisted living- nursing home
• DG-Generators - PV-Generator 121kWp- CHP
  (BHKW) approx. 50kW- Battery storage
  50kW/20min.
• PQ Monitoring - SimeasQ (Siemens) or Mavolog
  (GM)- Topas 1000 (LEM)

Source Architektenbüro Pohlmann
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MVV Pilot Installation Configuration Design
18 x 5 kWp PV
Combined Heat and Power Unit 50 kW
CHP
PV 120 kWp
kWh
kWh
kWh
Transformer 400kVA 20 / 0,4 kV
(optional)
Distributionbox
kWh
kWh
Central energy and power quality management PoMS
Battery Storage 50 kW/20min.
30 kWp PV


Communication

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End
Thank you for your attention
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Radial 1 and radial 2

• LV Network in radial configuration
• radial 1 (rural )
• radial 2 (urban)

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Link 1 and 2

• LV Network in link configuration
• Link 1 (rural )
• Link 2 (urban)

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Ring 1 and 2

• LV Network in ring configuration
• ring 1 (rural )
• ring 2 (urban)

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Mesheable configuration