Title: Forestry sector of Ukraine in transition to market economy
1Forestry sector of Ukraine in transition to
market economy
- Igor Buksha,
- Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry
Agroforestry
2Context
- Background
- Characteristic of forestry and timber logging
- Impacts of transition processes on forestry
- Recent changes in the legislative frameworks
- Projects in line with Resolution H3
- The role of UN-ECE/FAO ToS
- The priorities in international co-operation
3General background information Ukraine
- Area - 603,500 km2
- Population (January 1, 2001) - 49.3 million
- Over 100 nationalities and ethnic groups (of
which 73 are Ukrainian). - Climate - temperate continental (excluding of
subtropical climate on the Crimean South Coast) - 5 different eco-zones - Mixed forests,
Forest-Steppe, Steppe, Carpathians and Crimea
Mountains. - A big difference in condition of forests growth
between different eco-zones
4Forestry background information Ukraine
- Total area of forest lands -10.8 mln. ha
- Forests covered area - 9.4 mln. ha
- Per cent of forest covered lands - 15.6 (in
Steppe zone - lower then 5, Forest Steppe -16),
Mixed forests - 30 and Carpathians - around 70)
- Coniferous forests - 42, hardwood forests - 43,
15 - softwood broadleaves and shrubs - Average growing stock - 186 m3 / ha
- Average change of stock - 3.8 m3 / ha
- Total growing stock - 1.7 billion m3
Source SFCU-2003
5Forests ownership
Source SFCU-2003
6Main relative forestry indicators
Indicators Ukraine Eastern Europe
Forest cover, 15.6 43.2
Forest/capita, ha/cap 0.17 2.40
Source TBFRA-2000
7Forest area
Source TBFRA-2000
8Total growing stock
Source TBFRA-2000
9Average growing stock
Source TBFRA-2000
10Annual wood increment use
Source TBFRA-2000
11Volume of commercial wood logging
Source SFCU
12Main impacts of transition processes on Ukrainian
Forestry
- Transition from command to market economy - state
forest enterprises became the subjects of market
economy - Decreasing of state budget financing for forestry
sector - Unconformity of national forest legislation to
socio-economics and market transformations - Deteriorated of wood-processing sector, sharp
reduction of consumer demand on internal market
of wood - Harvested timber decreasing and simultaneous
increasing of the growing stock (using of
increment is 30-40) - Discrepancy of forest management information
system to the modern requirements - Increasing of volume of wood export (in 6-7 times
for 5 last years) - Contamination of forests (about 3,5 mln. ha is
contaminated after Chernobyl disaster)
13Financing of forestry
Source SFCU
14Total wood export by enterprises of SFCU, thous.
m3
Source SFCU
15Recent changes in the legislative frameworks
- New Land Code of Ukraine (adopted by the
Parliament, 2001) - State Programme Forests of Ukraine 2002-2015
(Government resolution ?581 on 29.04.2002). - Presidents Decree aimed to reform forestry of
Ukraine (2004)
16The new Land Code of Ukraine
- Has established a legal basis for private land
property - Provides equality of state, municipal and private
property on forests - Forest plots with area less than 5 ha which
located into private lands can become private
status - Private forests can be planted on the former
agricultural lands which are not used for
conducting of agriculture
17Objectives of State Programme Forests of Ukraine
2002-2015
- to extend forest covered territory to the optimal
level - to improve the productivity of forest
- to conserve biological diversity in forests
- to increase forest ecosystems resistance to
negative impacts and climate change - to improve forest management legislation
according to international principles of SFM - to intensify state control for protection,
conservation, exploitation and regeneration of
forests - to encourage the development of forest research
and education - to improve social protection of forestry workers.
18Ukrainian NFP outputs
Source M.J. Schelhaas, M. Cerny, I.F. Buksha et.
all., 2003
19The main disadvantage on transition process
- The State Committee of Forestry and state
forestry enterprises fulfill combined functions
of the control, administration, legislation with
functions of forest management and commercial
activities
20Presidents Decree aimed to reform forestry of
Ukraine (2004)
- To divide function of state control and state
management, to create two independent
institutions - forest inspection and forest
administration - To prepare in 2004 of new Forest Code according
to changed socio-economics conditions - To lead State Forest Inventory for all forests in
Ukraine - To harmonize national forest statistics with the
requirements of the EU
21Backgrounds for international cooperation of
Ukrainian Forestry
- Ukraine has joined to the process of
implementation of the MCPFE resolutions S1-S4,
H1-H4, L1, L2, V1-V5 (except resolution S5) - Ukraine has signed resolution S1 of MCPFE at the
Vienna Summit in 2003 - Ukraine has began to participate in the United
Nations Forum on Forests in 2003 - Ukraine became a member of FAO in 2003
- Ukraine has ratified Kyoto Protocol on the UN
Framework Convention on Climate Change in 2004 - Ukraine has joined to the Convention on
Biodiversity
22Cooperation under ToS umbrella helped of Ukraine
- to compare the national forest management of
Ukraine with the other European countries and to
determine its adequacy to pan-European criteria
of sustainable forest management - to find out compatibility of Ukrainian forestry
strategies to European ones - to start the activity on harmonisation of the
national forest statistics with the international
requirements - to develop modern forestry normative base with
the attention to the international experience - to start exchange of knowledge and technologies
(e.g. information on forest inventory and
monitoring ).
23Projects in line with Resolution H3
- UN-ECE ICP Forests (ongoing from 1989)
- UN-ECE/FAO TBFRA-2000 (completed)
- EU INCO-Copernicus SCEFORMA (completed)
- IPGRI-EUFORGEN (completed)
- UN-ECE/FAO EFSOS (completed)
Source Romanovskyy V., Buksha I., Kravets P.,
2002
24Recent projects in line with Resolution H3
- Strategic plan of Ukrainian forest sector
development (2001-2004) - Development and testing of the national forest
certification standards in Ukraine (2003-2004) - Swiss-Ukrainian Forest Development Project in
Transcarpathian, FOR-ZA (2003-2005) - Creating of web-page about Ukrainian Forestry for
Forest Information Service of EFI (2002-2004)
25Strategic plan of Ukrainian forest sector
development (2001-2004) lt1gt
- Donor Sweden International Development Agency
(SIDA) - Recipient Ukrainian State Committee of Forestry
- Partner (Ukraine) - Research Informational Centre
- Partner (Sweden) - Scandiaconsult AB
26Strategic plan of Ukrainian forest sector
development (2001-2004) lt2gt
- Project content Development of the strategic
plan of forest sector development in Ukraine. - Expected results
- Proposals of changes in forest legislation
- Proposals on forest sector institutional
structure improvement - Proposals of strategic and technical decisions on
timber trade development at the local and
international market - To test methods of forest management and
planning, oriented towards income increase, which
observe environmental aspects.
27Development and testing of the national forest
certification standards (2003-2004) lt1gt
- Donor Alliance of World Bank and WWF
- Recipient National Agricultural University of
Ukraine - Partner (Ukraine) National Agricultural
University of Ukraine - Partner (Germany) GFA Terra Systems GmbH
28Development and testing of the national forest
certification standards (2003-2004) lt2gt
- Project content to establish of the national
initiative and to compete of working group for
developing and testing of the national forest
certification standards in Ukraine (coordinated
with FSC guidance) - Expected results the Ukrainian national forest
certification standards
29Swiss-Ukrainian Forest Development Project in
Transcarpathian FOR-ZA (2003-2005) lt1gt
- Donor Swiss Agency for Development and
Cooperation (SDC) - Recipient Ukrainian State Committee of Forestry
- Partner (Ukraine) - Transcarpathian Forest
Administration - Partner (Switzerland) Swiss Organization for
Development and Cooperation (Intercooperation)
30Swiss-Ukrainian Forest Development Project in
Transcarpathian FOR-ZA (2003-2005) lt2gt
- Project content project addresses the need for
the forestry of Transcarpathian to adapt to the
new socio-economic environment, takes a landscape
approach to sustainable management of forest
resources and conservation. - Expected results
- To diversify and further strengthen multi-purpose
forest management planning and close-to-nature
silviculture, in order to sustain forest
functions and enhance productivity of forests
goods and services. - To strengthen forest policy in order to enhance
the contribution of forests to socio-economic
development and to landscape protection,
particularly in relation to natural disasters. - To valorize forest products and forest services
for the economic benefits of the local population
31Creating of web-page about Ukrainian Forestry for
EFI Forest Information Service (2002-2004) lt1gt
- Donor European Forest Institute (EFI)
- Recipient Ukrainian State Committee of Forestry
- Partner (Ukraine) - Ukrainian Research Institute
of Forestry and Forest Melioration (URIFFM) - Partner (Finland) - European Forest Institute
(EFI)
32Creating of web-page about Ukrainian Forestry for
EFI Forest Information Service (2002-2004) lt2gt
- Project content Creation of a web-page Forests
and Forest Management in Ukraine, in the format
proposed of EFI (under requirement of FINE
project). - Expected results
- creating web pages with regional information
about Ukrainian forestry - compiling a links on timber and wood products
companies, small and medium forest-related
enterprises etc. - Ukrainian contribution to the EFIs Forestry Law
Database
33The priorities in international co-operation for
Ukrainian forestry are
- To level up forestry information exchange, to
improve the system of collecting, analysis and
distribution of forest information, to create
electronic data bases and sources in Internet - To develop forest policy tools, to improve forest
legislation and to harmonize forestry normative
base according to European standards - To broaden the practice of research institutions
co-operation in sustainable forest management and
improvement of forest management systems, - To develop the modern modelling and prediction
methods of forest dynamics under environmental
change, monitoring and forest certification
implementation, improvement of ecological,
economical and social forest resources assessment
34The priorities in international co-operation for
Ukrainian forestry are lt2gt
- To implement experience and technologies exchange
programmes and specialists training - To receive a technical support for the
implementation of pan-European programmes (e.g.
UN-ECE ICP Forests) - To develop modern technologies of forest
inventory, integrated forest monitoring,
GIS-systems - To promote co-operative international projects on
carbon sequestration and climate change
mitigation (joint implementation projects) - To develop programmes of forest products using as
a renewable energy source.
35Thank you for attention !
- Igor Buksha, PhD
- Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry
Agroforestry - Pushkinska str., 86
- Ukraine 61024, Kharkiv, URIFFM
- Tel 00 380 57 7078049
- Fax. 00 380 57 7041009
- E-mail buksha_at_uriffm.com.ua