Culture

1
Culture

• the customary beliefs, social forms, and material
  traits of a racial, religious, or social group

American Indians
Explorers
2
Puritanism

• An Introduction

3
Look at this photo. Based on their appearance,
how would you describe this family? What would
they do for fun? What do they value?
4
Puritans move to the Americas

• Shortly after Charles I succeeded the throne
• Conflict between Church of England and Puritanism
• Moved to the US in search of religious freedom
• Made up a large part of the first 13 colonies
• Wanted everyone to worship it the Puritan way
  (irony)

5
Puritan Tenants
6
Edward Taylor

• Taylor only published two stanzas of his poetry
  during his lifetime. Given his cultural
  background, why do you think this is?

7
HuswiferyHusband Wife Housekeeping

• The bond between a human being and God.

8
Extended Metaphor

• A comparison that spans the length of a work
  (poem, sermon, song, book), without using like or
  as.
• Use of Imagery

9
What are the many different parts of a printer?
10
When all work together, the printer works in
harmonybut if something is jammed or imperfect
what happens?
11
Taylors Metaphor
REEL
WHEEL
FLYERS
12
SPOOLS
DISTAFF
13
QUILLS
LOOM
14
Apostrophe

• When the speaker addresses someone/thing that is
  not physically present (ie. Dead person), a
  personified object or an abstract idea (ie. God).
  Edwards uses apostrophe in his poem. Who/what is
  he addressing in the first line that would make
  this an apostrophe?

15
Make Me, O Lord, Thy Spinning Wheel COMPLETE!

• What is he asking to be?
• Spinning wheelmachinecomplete
• Apostrophe!!!!!!
• Request of GodPrayer

16
With your partner,Modernize the poems image

• Identify the main idea of the poem.
• An apostrophe is when the speaker addresses
  someone/thing that is not physically present (ie.
  Dead person), a personified object or an abstract
  idea (ie. God). Edwards uses apostrophe in his
  poem. Who/what is he addressing that would make
  this an apostrophe?
• What does the speaker want from the addressee?
• Substitute spinning wheel for a more modern
  image rewrite the poem using this modern idea
  (ex. Make me, O Lord, a printer complete)

17
Modernity proves

• Discuss and answer this question with your
  partner
• How can analyzing the Puritan lifestyle and
  poetry reveal important tenants of the 15th
  century lifestyle?
• What human condition does modernizing the poem
  expose as a cross-century idea?

18
Puritan Tenants

• Identify the major tenants of Puritanism in the
  poem. Write a specific example for each one of
  the tenants

19
Finally

• Discuss the following question and then come up
  with 2 arguments that support your opinion as
  well as 1 counter-argument.
• Do you think personal devotion is as much
  esteemed today as it was in Taylors day?

20
Oratory, Persuasion, Edwards, oh my!
21
Background

• Edwards is
• The audience became
• thus is
• The goal of the sermon is

22
Oratory

• Definition formal public speaking (ex. Sermon
  speech)
• Its best when
• It is persuasive, inspiring listeners to take
  action
• It appeals to the emotions
• I addresses the needs and concerns of its
  audience
• It includes expressive and rhythmic language.

23
Persuasion

• Writing or speech meant to get readers or
  listeners to think or act in a certain way.
• Appeals to emotions or reason
• Offers opinions
• Urges action
• Backed up with evidence and support

24
Persuasive Techniques

• The Greek philosopher Aristotle believed that
  there were three basic ways to persuade an
  audience ethos, logos, and pathos.

25
Rhetorical Triangle pg15Writing handbook
26
Ethos The Writers Character or Image

• Greek for custom habit
• Established by Aristotle as the knowledge or
  expertise a person appears to have about the
  subject.
• Writers ethos is created largely by word choice
  and style.Often uses the appealdo this or be
  branded as bad or sinful
• This does not mean going through the thesaurus to
  find difficult and unusual words. It means using
  what you know to create an academic paper with a
  formal wording and style.
• Things to think about
• What kind of image do you want to project to the
  audience?
• What can you do to help project this image?
• What words or ideas do you want to avoid?
• What effect do misspelled words and grammatical
  errors have on your image?

27
Logos Logical Arguments

• Greek for logic, thought, word etc.
• Ifthen syllogisms (deductive reasoning)
• ex. All men are mortal. Socrates is a man.
  Therefore, Socrates is mortal.
• Usually based on probabilities rather than
  certain truth.
• Persuasion to a large extent involves convincing
  people to accept our assumptions as probably
  truepreparing the audience to accept your own
  contrary position
• ex. If students were required to spend two years
  in the military after graduation then they would
  be more productive members of society because
  they would learn discipline and responsibility as
  well as appreciation for liberties often taken
  for granted.
• NOTICE this is a probability but the writer
  never questions themselves by saying probably.
  Half of persuasion is convincing the audience
  that you are the authority.

28
Pathos The Emotions of the Audience

• Emotional appeal can be accomplished in a
  multitude of ways
• by metaphor or story telling or imagery
• by a general passion in the delivery and an
  overall amount of emotional items in the text of
  the speech, or in writing.
• The use of emotional appeals to alter the
  audience's judgment. A common use of pathos in
  argument is creating a sense of rejection if the
  audience doesn't agree.
• Many refer to Pathos as the "band-wagon" appeal,
  or trying to convince the audience to join in on
  the speaker's belief.
• This is a major theme used in any form of
  propaganda (everyone believes in this so you
  should too)

29
Emotional appeal

• Imagery figurative language that appeals to the
  senses
• Seeing
• Smelling
• Tasting
• Touching
• Hearing

30
Imagery
31
Visual notes
32
Warnings For Persuasion

• logical fallacy attacking the reader instead of
  the idea. Used often in politics examples? This
  can be as dissuasive as persuasive
• too much Writers pathos it is often difficult
  to separate your own emotions and write from
  outside yourself. If you are too emotional you
  lose the ethos/logos that are necessary for a
  truly effective persuasive piece

33
Culture

• the customary beliefs, social forms, and material
  traits of a racial, religious, or social group

American Indians
Explorers
Puritans
34
Missing

• As Christianity and other world views came in,
  what did the Native Americans lose/gain?

35
Missing Sherman Alexie

• Known for The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in
  Heaven Smoke Signals and The Absolutely True
  Diary of a Part-Time Indian
• Spokane Tribe

36
(No Transcript)
37
The Grass Dancer Christianity Comes to the
Sioux

• What is the setting? Why is this important?
• Indirect characterization the reader must infer
  character attributes through action, speech, and
  interaction with other characters
• Vs.
• Direct Characterization the author tells the
  reader what character attributes exist

38
The Grass Dancer Christianity Comes to the
Sioux
Character Relationship to others Direct Characterization Indirect Characterization
Harley Wind Soldier        
Jeanette McVay    
Frank Pipe    
Herod Small War            
39
The Grass Dancer Christianity Comes to the
Sioux

• This passage has several stories within a main
  story this is known as envelope structure.
  Summarize the main story and then list the other
  stories that are told within it.
• Circle the stories that are factually or
  realistically based.
• Underline the stories that are mythical or
  opinion based.
• Which type of story holds more meaning for the
  students? Explain.
• Which type of story holds more meaning for the
  teacher? Explain.
• What is the purpose of Jeanettes story telling
  activity? Is the activity successful?

40
The Grass Dancer Christianity Comes to the
Sioux

• What does this passage reveal to you about
  reservation life in the 1970s?
• What are the conditions of reservation life? Have
  they changed since the 1970s? Explain
• Has reservation life changed? Page 15-16
• Why would people of Native American descent fight
  in the army?
• Do you agree with the authors call to look at
  our own conditions in America before fighting a
  war in other countries? Explain.

41
Proclamation of Alcatraz

• Read/Discuss