Manifest Destiny

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Manifest Destiny
Map of United States Circa 1830
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American Progress Manifest Destiny

• If the painting is about Manifest Destiny What
  is Manifest Destiny?

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American Progress

• This painting (circa 1872) by John Gast called
  American Progress, is an allegorical
  representation of Manifest Destiny. Here
  Columbia, intended as a personification of the
  United States, leads civilization westward with
  American settlers, stringing telegraph wire as
  she travels she holds a school book. The
  different economic activities of the pioneers are
  highlighted and, especially, the changing forms
  of transportation. The Native Americans and wild
  animals flee.

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MANIFEST DESTINY

• First used by John OSullivan, a newspaper
  editor, in 1845
• It was the idea that Americans were destined to
  extend across the continent from sea to shining
  sea

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Understanding Manifest Destiny

• "(It is) ..our manifest destiny to over spread
  and to possess the whole of the continent which
  Providence has given us for the development of
  the great experiment of liberty"
• -John O'Sullivan
• Democrat
• Editor of 'The Morning Post 1840s

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Manifest Destiny in 1840s America

• Once the concept had been given the name
  'Manifest Destiny' it became widely used,
  appearing in newspapers, debates, paintings and
  advertisements. It became the leading light for
  westward expansion

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Sohow has our nation grown?
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U.S. Territorial Expansion
Location
Along Atlantic Coast
Acquired In
1776
Acquired From
Great Britain
Acquired Because
Independence was declared from Great Britain (D of I)
Step 1 Original 13 States
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U.S. Territorial Expansion
Location
East of the Mississippi River (Ohio River Valley)
Acquired In
1783
Acquired From
Great Britain
Acquired Because
Treaty of Paris 1783 ended the Revolution and gave U.S. control of land west of the Appalachian Mountains
Step 2 Treaty of Paris 1783
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U.S. Territorial Expansion
Location
East of the Rocky Mountains and West of the Mississippi River
Acquired In
1803
Acquired From
France
Acquired Because
President Jefferson paid Napoleon 15 million for the land
Step 3 Louisiana Purchase 1803
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• Jefferson bought the Louisiana Territory from
  France for 15 million
• Control of New Orleans Control of Mississippi
  River
• It DOUBLED the size of the U.S.
• Explored by Lewis Clark with Sacajawea

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U.S. Territorial Expansion
Location
Northern U.S. bordered by Great Lakes and Canada
Acquired In
1818
Acquired From
Great Britain
Acquired Because
Establish a firm border between British Canada U.S. at 49th parallel
Step 4 British Cession 1818
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U.S. Territorial Expansion
Location
SE U.S. bordered by Atlantic Ocean Gulf of Mexico
Acquired In
1819
Acquired From
Spain
Acquired Because
The Adams-Onis Treaty avoided a war with Spain/crisis with Seminole Indians
Step 5 Spanish Cession 1819
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Thinking Question??

• Why werent Americans happy with the size of
  their country at this point in their history?

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U.S. Territorial Expansion
Location
Southern U.S. bordered by Gulf of Mexico
Acquired In
1845
Acquired From
Texas
Acquired Because
Texas wanted to enter as a slave state Maine wanted to enter as a free state
Step 6 Texas 1845
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Step 2 Treaty of Paris 1783
Texas Independence (1836-1845)
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Texas Declaration of IndependenceMarch 6, 1836
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The Lone Star Republic

• Texas wins independence on
• April 21, 1836
• Not allowed to immediately join the U.S. (was a
  slave state)
• Was the Lone Star Republic for 9 years
• Joined the U.S. as the 28th state in 1845

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U.S. Territorial Expansion
Location
NW U.S. bordered by Pacific Ocean
Acquired In
1846
Acquired From
Great Britain
Acquired Because
Americans wanted to move there for fur trapping, fishing, logging, etc.
Step 7 Oregon Country 1846
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Oregon Country

• England and the U.S. shared the entire territory
• Mountain Men lived there
• They hunted and sold beaver pelts and animal
  skins for lots of
• Eventually there were no beavers left and the
  mountain men became farmers or guides

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Why did the U.S. want Oregon?

• Settlers began to head there in the 1830s
• Fertile land
• New opportunities

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The Oregon Trail

• Oregon fever began in the 1840s
• Mississippi valley people began to form societies
  to discuss trips to Oregon
• Great Migration emigrants left U.S. to go to
  Oregon, usually in covered wagon trains

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Trails Westward
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The Oregon Trail Albert Bierstadt, 1869
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Pioneers Heading West to Oregon
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Oregon Population Growth

• 1840 only 500 Americans
• 1845 5,000 Americans (but only 700 British)
• Americans thought the U.S. should own all of
  Oregon because it had more people living there
• Fifty-four, forty, or fight! became the war cry
• Compromise placed boundary between U.S. and
  British territory at the 49th parallel

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Oregon Country

• What We Wanted

• What We Got

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U.S. Territorial Expansion
Location
Southwest U.S.
Acquired In
1848
Acquired From
Mexico
Acquired Because
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ended the Mexican-American War, which Mexico lost
Step 8 Mexican Cession 1848
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The Mexican War (1846-1848)
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Causes of the Mexican War

• Manifest Destiny
• Texas Annexation by the United States
• Boundary dispute between Mexico and the U.S. over
  the boundary of Texas

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Nueces River boundary
Rio Grande boundary
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The Mexican War (1846-1848)
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Support of the War

• For many Americans the war led to greater
  national pride
• Many people who supported the war believed it
  would spread republican values
• Many southerners supported the war, thinking any
  territory won would be organized into slave states

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Opposition to the War

• Many members of the Whig Party thought the
  conflict was unjustified
• Northern abolitionists feared any territory
  gained in the war might be organized into slave
  states
• Illinois Congressman Abraham Lincoln wrote the
  Spot Resolutions in 1848 asking Polk to show
  the spot where American blood had been shed on
  American soil

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Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo 1848

• Mexico loses gives up HUGE territory

Nicholas Trist,American Negotiator
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Treaty Provisions

• Mexico gave up claims to Texas and accepted Rio
  Grande as US/Mexico border
• Mexico gave the U.S. California and New Mexico
  Territory this meant we gained all the area we
  know today as Utah, Nevada, Colorado, New Mexico
  and Arizona!
• U.S. agreed to pay 15 million to Mexico and pay
  debts of Mexico to U.S. citizens

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Effects of Mexican-American War

• U.S. gains control of greater southwest
• Opens southwest up to settlement
• Allows for greater debate over the expansion of
  slavery (would it be allowed in the new
  territory?)

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U.S. Territorial Expansion
Location
Along SW border between U.S. and Mexico
Acquired In
1853
Acquired From
Mexico
Acquired Because
U.S. needed it to build a transcontinental railroad to California
Step 9 Gadsden Purchase 1853
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Westward Expansion Complete!!!
British Cession
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1776
Treaty of Paris
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Spanish Cession
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Large Groups Head West
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California Gold Rush
1849
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How did it start?

• James Marshall was building a sawmill for John
  Sutter
• Saw something shiny
• Small shiny things
• GOLD !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• Tried to keep the secret (like thats gonna
  happen!)

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Gold at Sutters Mill, 1848

• John A. Sutter

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49ers

• Gold seekers began arriving in California in 1849
• Wanted to get rich quick
• They were farmers, lawyers, priests, doctors,
  etc.
• Americans were 80 of 49ers
• People came from all over the world!

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California Gold Rush, 1849
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California Gold Rush, 1849

• Boomtowns gold communities
• California Gold Rush doubled worlds supply of
  gold
• But few miners ever got rich!!!
• Merchants made huge profits eggs 10/dozen
• Levi Strauss started his business of making blue
  jeans!

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California becomes a state

• Applied for statehood in 1850
• Easily had 60,000 to qualify (remember the
  Northwest Ordinance!)

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Mormons
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Mormon Migration

• Brigham Young founder of Church of Jesus Christ
  of Latter Day Saints (aka Mormons)
• 1844 left Illinois
• Move near Great Salt Lake 1846
• Migration west began
• 12,000 Mormons start journey
• Largest single migration in American history

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Brigham Young
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Mormon Route
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Moving West
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Mormon Settlement

• Planned towns carefully in desert
• Built irrigation canals
• Farming industry
• Learned salt extraction (Great Salt Lake)
• Sold supplies to 49ers

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Overland Migration to the West

• Between 1840 and 1860, more than 250,000 people
  made the trek westward