Read Genesis 18: 1-6

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Read Genesis 18 1-6
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Section 2
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The Hebrews

• Hebrews are Israelites
• Greatest influence on the world.

Judaism
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Early Hebrews

• Nomadic (wandering herders or traveling
  merchants)
• Lived in Ur (were artisans and merchants)

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• Went to Haran city near Turkish mountains to
  trade
• Traveled Mediterranean coast to trade with
  Egyptian, Phoenician, and Cretan merchants

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The God of Abraham

• Story of Hebrews comes from the Bible
• Yahweh (God) made an agreement (covenant) with
  Abraham

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• Genesis 121 (NIV)
• Leave Ur and travel to Canaan

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The Lord had said to Abram, Leave your country,
your people and your fathers household and go to
a land I will show you.
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Canaan

• Canaan was promised to Abraham and his
  descendants (offspring)
• Genesis 122

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I will make you into a great nation and I will
bless you I will make your name great, and you
will be a blessing.
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• Father of many Nations
• Christians and Muslims also believe that Abraham
  is the Founder of their religions
• 1800 B.C. Abraham settled in Canaan

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Abraham
Isaac
Jacob (called Israel)
12 sons (including Joseph)

• Each son led a separate family group became the
  12 Hebrew tribes

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Hebrews remained in Canaan about 100 years.
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Life of Joseph

• Joseph was sold into slavery by his brothers
  sent to Egypt
• He became very important in Egypt
• Drought struck Canaan
• Jacob sent sons to buy food in Egypt
  (Breadbasket of the Mediterranean)

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• Sons did not recognize Joseph
• Joseph eventually forgave brothers and sent for
  rest of family
• Hebrews now lived in Egypt

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Hebrews in Egypt

• Eventually enslaved by Pharaoh
• 600 years in Egypt

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The Exodus

• The escape of the Israelites from captivity in
  Egypt
• Moses came to end Hebrew enslavement
• The Hebrew God sent 10 plagues to curse Egypt

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Enslavement of Hebrews (Israelites)
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The Plaques
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1. Water to Blood719 And the LORD spake unto
Moses, Say unto Aaron, Take thy rod, and stretch
out thine hand upon the waters of Egypt, upon
their streams, upon their rivers, and upon their
ponds, and upon all their pools of water, that
they may become blood and that there may be
blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both in
vessels of wood, and in vessels of stone.
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2. Frogs82 And if thou refuse to let them go,
behold, I will smite all thy borders with frogs
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3. Gnats or Lice816 And the LORD said unto
Moses, Say unto Aaron, Stretch out thy rod, and
smite the dust of the land, that it may become
lice throughout all the land of Egypt.
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4. Flies821 Else, if thou wilt not let my
people go, behold, I will send swarms of flies
upon thee, and upon thy servants, and upon thy
people, and into thy houses and the houses of
the Egyptians shall be full of swarms of flies,
and also the ground whereon they are.
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5. Livestock Diseased93 Behold, the hand of the
LORD is upon thy cattle which is in the field,
upon the horses, upon the asses, upon the camels,
upon the oxen, and upon the sheep there shall be
a very grievous murrain.
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6. Boils98 And the LORD said unto Moses and
unto Aaron, Take to you handfuls of ashes of the
furnace, and let Moses sprinkle it toward the
heaven in the sight of Pharaoh.
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7. Thunder and Hail918 Behold, to morrow about
this time I will cause it to rain a very grievous
hail, such as hath not been in Egypt since the
foundation thereof even until now.
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8. Locusts104 Else, if thou refuse to let my
people go, behold, to morrow will I bring the
locusts into thy coast
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9. Darkness1021 And the LORD said unto Moses,
Stretch out thine hand toward heaven, that there
may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even
darkness which may be felt.
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10. Death of the Firstborn114 And Moses said,
Thus saith the LORD, About midnight will I go out
into the midst of Egypt
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• After the Pharaoh agreed to free the Hebrews,
  they escaped into the Sinai Desert
• At Mt. Sinai, Moses received the Ten Commandments
  from God
• God made a covenant (agreement) with the Hebrew
  people

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• Hebrews were to remain faithful to God and obey
  certain laws and God would lead them back to
  Canaan The Promised Land
• Hebrews were expected to give everyone the right
  to be treated fairly (social justice)

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• Moses led Hebrews through wilderness for 40 years
• Moses died before the Hebrews reached Canaan.

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The Promise Land
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The Promised Land

• Canaan
• Joshua became leader and brought the Hebrews
  into the Promised Land
• By 1200 B.C., the Israelites controlled Canaan

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Hebrews in the Promised Land

• Borrowed ideas from the Canaanites tools and
  alphabet
• Lived one room houses, made of mud-bricks or
  stone plaster with mud, thatched roof

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Who will lead the people?

• After Joshua died, the 12 Tribes will split
• Each tribe will be led by a council of elders
• Judges settled disputes and led in times of
  crisis

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Do they need a king?
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Kings

• Kings ruled for the next 100 years
• Saul became the first king

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Saul

• Lost support of his people
• Died in battle

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King David

• Reunited the Hebrews
• Defeated the Canaanites
• Established Jerusalem as the capital in 1000 B.C.
• Wrote many psalms (songs and poems) in the Bible

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King Solomon

• Brought peace to the kingdom
• Build the temple in Jerusalem
• Many Hebrews were unhappy with Solomon because of
  working on building projects and high taxes

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Solomon eventually dies!
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After Solomons Death

• The Hebrew kingdom split into two kingdoms

2 tribes (Benjamin Judah) formed Judah to the
south
10 tribes split to the north to form Israel

• Fought for 200 years

• Became weak for conquerors

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Prophets

• Persons claiming to have a message from God
• Reminded the Hebrews of their responsibilities
  and duties to God and one another

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Prophets also

• warned Yahweh would punish them if they didnt
  return to His ways
• were teachers, farmers, shepherds

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What happened to the Israelites?

• Prophets foretold they would be conquered!

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Assyrian Rule

• 722 B.C.
• Assyrians conquered Israel
• Cruel
• did not invade Judah to south

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Babylonian Rule

• 586 B.C.
• Judeans were forced to move to Babylonia (exiled)
• Destroyed the temple

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The Sabbath

• Because they had no temple, they held meeting on
  Sabbath
• Day of Rest

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The Torah

• put laws , sayings, teachings , stories of the
  past on scrolls
• Ezra, a scribe, wrote down the Laws of Moses in
  the Torah (first five books of the Old Testament)

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Persian Rule

• 539 B.C.
• mild rulers
• allowed Jews to return to their homeland
• allowed Jews to rebuild the temple

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Roman Rule

• Date
• Temple was destroyed in A.D. 70 and never rebuilt

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Major Contributions

• Judaism first religion to worship one God
• God is just and all people should be treated
  fairly
• Influenced Christianity and Islam

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Why is there so much controversy in Israel?
Especially Jerusalem?
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Jerusalem

• Holy city to Jews, Christians, and Muslims
• Political and religious struggle
• Controlled by Israel (1967)

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Holy to Jews

• Within Promised Land
• Site of Solomons Temple (destroyed by
  Babylonians and Romans)

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Holy to Muslims

• Site of Solomons Temple
• Grey rock holiest place in Jerusalem
• Believed Muhammad ascended from rock into
  paradise on a ladder of light

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Holy to Christians

• Site of Solomons Temple
• Church of Holy Sepulchre (site where Jesus was
  crucified and location of tomb)

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The Garden Tomb
The Talpiot Tomb
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