Blood

1
Blood

• Fluid Tissue

2
Functions

• Transportation
• 1. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
• 2. Nutrients
• 3. Heat and waste products
• 4. Hormones

3
Functions of Blood Continued

• Regulation
• 1. pH
• 2. Body Temperature
• 3. Water contents of cells

4
Functions of blood Continued

• Protection
• 1. Clotting
• 2. Disease

5
(No Transcript)
6
Components of Blood

• Blood Plasma
• 1. Liquid portion of blood
• 2. 91.5 water 8.5 solutes
• 3. Hepatocytes synthesize most
• proteins found in plasma
• 4. Contains antigens

7
Components of blood

• Red blood cells
• 1. Contain the oxygen-carrying protein
• hemaglobin
• 2. Mature blood cells enter the
• circulatory system at a rate of 2
• million per second

8
Components of blood

• Red blood cell anatomy
• 1. biconcave disks
• 2. strong and flexible plasma
• membranej
• 3. lack nucleus and organelles

9
(No Transcript)
10
Red Blood cell Physiology

• Hemoglobin
• 1. found in cytosol
• 2. heme portion contains iron
• 3. globin portion is a protein
• 4. all internal space is available for
• oxygen transport
• 5. produce ATP anaerobically
• 6. Biconcave shape has a higher surface
• to volume ratio

11
(No Transcript)
12
Red blood cell life Cycle

• Each cell lives about 120 days
• Macrophages in liver and spleen phagotize worn
  out cells
• Hemoglobin is split into its two parts
• Globin portion is broken down into amino acids
• Iron is removed from heme portion

13
life Cycle continued

• Iron is sent to red bone marrow and is reused
• Some iron is used to make biliruben

14
(No Transcript)
15
White blood cell anatomy and types

• Have a nucleus and do not contain hemaglobin
• Eosinophil
• 1. Stain Red-Orange
• 2. two or three lobed nucleus
• 3. High count allergic reactions,
• parasitic infections, autoimmune
• disease.
• 4. Low count Stress, Drug toxicity

16
White blood cell anatomy and types

• Basophil
• 1. Stain purple-blue
• 2. granules hide nucleus
• 3. granules are variable in size
• 4. High Count allergic reactions,
• leukemias, cancer, hypothyroidism
• 5. Low count Pregnancy, ovulation,
• stress, hypothyroidism

17
White blood cell anatomy and types

• Neutrophiles
• 1. granules are pale in color and evenly
• distributed
• 2. Nucleus has two to five lobes
• 3. Young have rod shaped nucleus
• 4. High count bacterial infection, burns,
• stress, inflamation.
• 5. Low count vitamin B12 deficiency, drug
• toxicity, radiation exposure

18
White blood cell anatomy and types

• Lymphocytes
• 1. stains dark and is round
• 2. granules are not visible under light
• microscope
• 3. cytoplasm stains sky blue
• 4. High count Viral infection, some
• leukemias
• 5. Low count Prolonged illness,
• treatment with cortisol,
  immunosuppresion

19
White blood cell anatomy and types

• Monocytes
• 1. Nucleus is horse shoe shaped
• 2. cytoplasm is blue-gray
• 3. funneled through blood tissues
• 4.High count viral and fungal infections
• tuberculosis
• 5. Low count Bone marrow depression

20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
WBC physiology

• Fight off disease
• Leave blood and congregate at points of infection
• Neutrophiles and macrophages are active in
  phagocytosis
• Eosinophiles release proteins that combat
  inflammation Phagocytize antigen-antibody
  complexes

23
WBC physiology

• Basophiles intensify inflammatory response by
  releasing proteins
• B lymphocytes destroy bacteria and inactive
  toxins
• T lymphocytes attack viruses, fungi, transplanted
  cells, cancer cells

24
Platelets

• Form from megakaryocytes splinter and form
  membrane around each part
• Form a plug
• Release chemicals that cause blood to clot
• Removed from blood after about 9 days by
  macrophages in the liver and spleen

25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)